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中华眼科医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (04) : 252 -256. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2022.04.012

综述

儿童青少年高度近视眼眼底特征的研究现状
张宁宁1, 慕璟玉1, 马晓玲1, 李小龙2, 王雁3, 赵勇4,†()   
  1. 1. 830000　乌鲁木齐，新疆医科大学第四临床医学院2019级硕士研究生
    2. 830000　乌鲁木齐，新疆医科大学附属中医医院眼二科
    3. 830000　乌鲁木齐，新疆医科大学附属中医医院眼一科；830000　乌鲁木齐，新疆维吾尔自治区中医药研究院眼科
    4. 830000　乌鲁木齐，新疆医科大学附属中医医院眼二科；830000　乌鲁木齐，新疆维吾尔自治区中医药研究院眼科
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-13 出版日期:2022-08-28
  • 通信作者: 赵勇
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境（人才、基地）建设专项项目(PT1905)

Research status of fundus characteristics in children and adolescents with high myopia

Ningning Zhang1, Jingyu Mu1, Xiaoling Ma1, Xiaolong Li2, Yan Wang3, Yong Zhao4,†()   

  1. 1. Master′s degree 2019, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
    2. The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated to Xinjiang Medical Universtity, Urumqi 830000, China
    3. The First Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated to Xinjiang Medical Universtity, Urumqi 830000, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China
    4. The Second Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated to Xinjiang Medical Universtity, Urumqi 830000, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China
  • Received:2021-12-13 Published:2022-08-28
  • Corresponding author: Yong Zhao
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张宁宁, 慕璟玉, 马晓玲, 李小龙, 王雁, 赵勇. 儿童青少年高度近视眼眼底特征的研究现状[J]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2022, 12(04): 252-256.

Ningning Zhang, Jingyu Mu, Xiaoling Ma, Xiaolong Li, Yan Wang, Yong Zhao. Research status of fundus characteristics in children and adolescents with high myopia[J]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2022, 12(04): 252-256.

近视眼屈光度≥－6.00 D时，称为高度近视眼(HM)。HM发展出现病理改变时，称为病理性近视眼(PM)。儿童青少年HM的眼底可出现豹纹状眼底、周边视网膜变性、视盘倾斜、视盘旁区萎缩弧、脉络膜萎缩薄变、眼底微循环障碍及后巩膜葡萄肿等特征；当发展为PM时，可出现后极部脉络膜视网膜萎缩、圆顶状黄斑、近视性黄斑病变、单纯黄斑出血、脉络膜新生血管、Fuchs斑、视网膜劈裂、视网膜裂孔及视网膜脱离等改变。此前的研究主要集中在成人HM眼底改变，而对儿童青少年HM的关注较少。本文中笔者对近年来儿童青少年HM眼底改变的研究现状进行综述。

关键词: 儿童青少年, 高度近视眼, 病理性近视眼, 眼底改变

When the diopter of myopia is ≥ -6.00 D, it is called high myopia (HM). When the pathological changes occurs in HM patients, it is called pathological myopia (PM). The fundus of HM in children and adolescents may be characterized by leopard like fundus, peripheral retinal degeneration, optic disc tilt, paraoptic atrophy arc, choroidal atrophy and thinning, fundus microcirculation disorder and posterior scleral staphyloma. When PM occurs, it is accomplished by changes such as posterior pole chorioretinal atrophy, dome shaped macula, myopic macular disease, simple macular hemorrhage, choroidal neovascularization, Fuchs macula, retinoschisis, retinal hole and retinal detachment. Previous studies mainly focused on the changes in the fundus of HM in adults, while less attention was paid to HM in children and adolescents. In this paper, the research status of fundus changes in children and adolescents with HM in recent years was reviewed.

Key words: Children and adolescents, High myopia, Pathological myopia, Fundus changes
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