不同年龄近视人群角膜水平直径及眼轴长度的比较

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2018.01.004

目的

探究不同年龄近视人群角膜水平直径及眼轴长度的变化。

方法

选取2015年8月至2017年8月于佛山爱尔眼科医院就诊的近视眼患者270例(497只眼)作为研究对象，按照年龄划分为三组，分别是7～17岁组、18～28岁组及29～39岁组，每组90例；采用散瞳验光测量等效球镜的方法检测三组患者的近视程度，按照近视程度再次进行分组，分组标准为低度近视≤－3.00 D；中度近视－3.25～－6.00 D ；高度近视>－6.00 D。采用Pentacam眼前节分析系统测量患者的角膜水平直径，采用IOL master光学相干生物测量仪测量患者的眼轴长度。角膜水平直径和眼轴长度采用均数±标准差(±s)进行描述，不同年龄组之间的比较采用方差分析，当差异有统计学意义时，进一步两两比较。

结果

在低度近视眼患者中，三组患者的角膜水平直径分别是(12.01±0.41)mm、(11.70±0.36)mm和(11.62±0.42)mm。其中，7～17岁组与18～28岁组之间的差异有统计学意义(t ＝2.64，P<0.05)；7～17岁组与29～39岁组之间的差异有统计学意义(t＝3.67，P<0.05)；但18～28岁组与29～39岁组之间的差异无统计学意义(t＝1.29，P>0.05)。三组患者的眼轴长度分别为(24.63±0.61)mm、(24.53±0.80)mm和(24.53±0.93)mm。组间比较，差异无统计学意义(t＝0.77，0.65，－0.05；P>0.05)。中度近视眼患者中，三组患者的角膜水平直径分别是(11.89±0.39)mm、(11.71±0.33)mm和(11.63±0.37)mm。其中，7～17岁组与18～28岁组之间的差异有统计学意义(t＝2.64，P<0.05)；7～17岁组与29～39岁组之间的差异有统计学意义(t＝3.67，P<0.05)；但18～28岁组与29～39岁组之间的差异无统计学意义(t ＝1.29，P>0.05)。三组患者的眼轴长度分别是(25.12±0.75)mm、(25.17±0.85)mm和(25.23±0.73)mm。组间比较，差异无统计学意义(t＝－0.33，－0.78，－0.39；P>0.05)。高度近视眼患者中，三组患者的角膜水平直径分别是(11.82±0.34)mm、(11.72±0.36)mm和(11.39±0.40)mm。其中，7～17岁组与29～39岁组之间的差异有统计学意义(t＝5.95，P<0.05)；18～28岁组与29～39岁组之间的差异有统计学意义(t＝4.55，P<0.05)；且7～17岁组>29～39岁组，18～28岁组>29～39岁组；但7～17岁组与18～28岁组之间的差异无统计学意义(t＝1.60，P>0.05)。三组患者的眼轴长度分别是(25.99±0.74)mm、(26.42±0.84)mm和(26.01±0.85)mm。其中，7～17岁组与18～28岁组之间的差异有统计学意义(t＝－2.84，P<0.05)；18～28岁组与29～39岁组之间的差异有统计学意义(t＝2.59，P<0.05)；但7～17岁组与29～39岁组之间的差异无统计学意义(t＝－0.12，P>0.05)。

结论

在高度、中度及低度近视眼患者中，角膜水平直径与年龄的增长呈显著负相关，即患者的年龄越小，角膜水平直径的数值越大；而眼轴长度与屈光不正度数呈显著正相关，即眼轴长度会随着屈光不正度数的增加而增长，但在各分组内，眼轴长度的变化均与年龄无关。

关键词: 年龄, 近视眼, 角膜水平直径, 眼轴长度

Objective

To explore the changes of corneal diameter and ocular axis in different age groups of myopia.

Methods

270 cases (497 eyes) of myopia were selected from August 2015 to August 2017 in Foshan ALR ophthalmology hospital. According to the age is divided into three groups, respectively is 7~17 years old group, 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group, 90 cases in each group; the cycloplegic refraction spherical equivalent measurement of the degree of myopia was detected in three patients, according to the degree of myopia re grouping, grouping criteria for low myopia than -3.00 D, were moderate; -3.25~-6.00 D, >-6.00 D for high myopia myopia; The corneal diameter of the patients was measured by Pentacam, and the axial length of the patients was measured by IOL master. The length and diameter of axis(±s)in the form of description, compared with analysis of variance between different age groups, the difference was statistically significant when compared further 22.

Results

Low myopia, three groups of patients with horizontal corneal diameter were (12.01±0.41)mm, (11.70±0.36)mm and (11.62±0.42)mm, among them, there were statistically significant differences between 7~17 years group and 18~28 years group (t=2.64, P<0.05); there was significant difference between 7~17 years group and 29~39 years group (t=3.67, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group (t=1.29, P>0.05). The axial length of the three groups were (24.63±0.61)mm, (24.53±0.80)mm and (24.53±0.93)mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.77, 0.65, -0.05; P>0.05). Moderate myopia, three groups of patients with horizontal corneal diameter were (11.89±0.39)mm, (11.71±0.33)mm and (11.63±0.37)mm, among them, there were statistically significant differences between 7~17 years group and 18~28 years group (t=2.64, P<0.05); there was significant difference between 7~17 years group and 29~39 years group (t=3.67, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group (t=1.29, P>0.05). The axial length of the three groups were (25.12±0.75)mm, (25.17±0.85)mm and (25.23±0.73)mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=-0.33, -0.78, -0.39; P>0.05). Three groups of patients with high myopia, the corneal horizontal diameter were (11.82±0.34)mm, (11.72±0.36)mm and (11.39±0.40)mm, among them, there were statistically significant differences between 7~17 years group and 29~39 years group (t=5.95, P<0.05), there was significant difference between 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group (t=4.55, P<0.05), and 7~17 years old group, 29~39 years group, 18~28 years group, 29~39 years group, but there was no significant difference between 7~17 years group and 18~28 years group (t=1.60, P>0.05). The axial length of the three groups of patients were (25.99±0.74)mm, (26.42±0.84)mm and (26.01±0.85)mm, among them, there were statistically significant differences between 7~17 years group and 18~28 years group (t=-2.84, P<0.05), there was significant difference between 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group (t=2.59, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 7~17 years group and 29~39 years group (t=-0.12, P>0.05).

Conclusions

In patients with eye height, moderate and low myopia, corneal horizontal diameter was negatively correlated with the growth of the age, which is the value of corneal horizontal diameter will decrease with the increase of age; while axial lengt and refractive error was positively related to axial lengt, which will increase with the increase of refractive errors, but in each group, axial lengt the change has nothing to do with age.

Key words: Age, Myopia, Corneal horizontal diameter, Axis lengt

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Comparison of corneal horizontal diameter and axial length of myopic people of different ages

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Comparison of corneal horizontal diameter and axial length of myopic people of different ages