关注近视眼防控措施及其面临的形势

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2024.03.001

近年来，近视眼的高患病率已成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。目前，经政府主管部门和社会各界的努力，近视防控的举措日益丰富，重点是预防发生和延缓进展。现阶段常用的防控手段主要包括低浓度阿托品的应用、配戴角膜塑形镜、配戴离焦框架眼镜、使用低能量红光疗法、采用全光谱照明及增加户外活动时间等。本文中笔者就我国当前近视眼防控面临的形势、主要防控措施的优势及存在的问题进行评述。

关键词: 近视眼, 防控, 户外活动, 有效性

In recent years, the high prevalence of myopia has become a major public health problem. At present, with the efforts of the competent government departments and all sectors of society, the measures for myopia prevention and control are increasingly rich, focusing on preventing the occurrence and delaying the progress. The commonly used prevention and control measures at this stage mainly include the application of low concentration atropine, wearing orthokeratology glasses, wearing defocus frame glasses, using low-energy red light therapy, using full spectrum lighting and increasing outdoor activity time. In this paper, the current situation of myopia prevention and control in China, the advantages and problems of the main prevention and control measures were reviewed.

Key words: Myopia, Control, Outdoor activities, Effectiveness

表1 中国不同地区近视眼的患病情况

作者	实施年度(年)	地区	研究人群			患病率(%)
作者	实施年度(年)	地区	人数	平均年龄(岁)	年龄范围(岁)	近视眼	高度近视眼
Li等^[5]	2012	河南安阳	2893	7.2±0.3		6.6～61.5
wang等^[6]	2020	广东汕头	721 032	11.5±3.1	6～20	51.8
Pan等^[7]	2009	云南	2346	13.8±0.8	13～14	29.5	27.7～31.4
Wu等^[8]	2010	山东	6026	9.7±3.3	4～18	36.9	36.0～38.0
Guo等^[9]	2014	广东广州	3055	13.6±1.6		47.4	45.6～49.2
Peng等^[10]	2018	海南	31 524		6～15	46.0	45.4～46.5
Choy等^[11]	2018	香港	1396	8.8±1.8		37.7	13.3～54.7
Wang等^[12]	2018	天津	14 551	11.2±2.8	5～16	78.2
Jiang等^[13]	2020	浙江宁波	61 350		5～18	43.7
Chang等^[14]	2020	浙江温州	29 719		6～17	48.0～73.7

表1 中国不同地区近视眼的患病情况

作者	实施年度(年)	地区	研究人群			患病率(%)
作者	实施年度(年)	地区	人数	平均年龄(岁)	年龄范围(岁)	近视眼	高度近视眼
Li等^[5]	2012	河南安阳	2893	7.2±0.3		6.6～61.5
wang等^[6]	2020	广东汕头	721 032	11.5±3.1	6～20	51.8
Pan等^[7]	2009	云南	2346	13.8±0.8	13～14	29.5	27.7～31.4
Wu等^[8]	2010	山东	6026	9.7±3.3	4～18	36.9	36.0～38.0
Guo等^[9]	2014	广东广州	3055	13.6±1.6		47.4	45.6～49.2
Peng等^[10]	2018	海南	31 524		6～15	46.0	45.4～46.5
Choy等^[11]	2018	香港	1396	8.8±1.8		37.7	13.3～54.7
Wang等^[12]	2018	天津	14 551	11.2±2.8	5～16	78.2
Jiang等^[13]	2020	浙江宁波	61 350		5～18	43.7
Chang等^[14]	2020	浙江温州	29 719		6～17	48.0～73.7

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Pay attention to the prevention and control measures of myopia and the situation it faces

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Pay attention to the prevention and control measures of myopia and the situation it faces