高度近视眼患者静态及动态色觉特征的临床研究

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2025.06.004

中华眼科医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (06) : 340 -344. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2025.06.004

论著

高度近视眼患者静态及动态色觉特征的临床研究

潘星辰¹, 王宇辰¹, 周欣佐², 何奕璇², 楚文博², 韩镒泽², 郭安琪¹, 王岳鑫¹, 刘子源¹^,^†(

), 李学民¹

¹100191　北京大学第三医院眼科　眼部神经损伤的重建保护与康复北京市重点实验室
²100191　北京大学医学部基础医学院

收稿日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2025-12-28
通信作者: 刘子源
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金项目(7242168); 中国初级卫生保健基金会项目(MTP2022C025); 国家自然科学基金面上基金项目(82571273)

Static and dynamic color vision characteristics in patients with high myopia

Xingchen Pan¹, Yuchen Wang¹, Xinzuo Zhou², Yixuan He², Wenbo Chu², Yize Han², Anqi Guo¹, Yuexin Wang¹, Ziyuan Liu¹^,^†(), Xuemin Li¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reconstruction, Protection and Rehabilitation of Ocular Nerve Injury, Beijing 100191, China
²Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China

Received:2025-11-18 Published:2025-12-28
Corresponding author: Ziyuan Liu

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引用本文：

潘星辰, 王宇辰, 周欣佐, 何奕璇, 楚文博, 韩镒泽, 郭安琪, 王岳鑫, 刘子源, 李学民. 高度近视眼患者静态及动态色觉特征的临床研究[J/OL]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(06): 340-344.

Xingchen Pan, Yuchen Wang, Xinzuo Zhou, Yixuan He, Wenbo Chu, Yize Han, Anqi Guo, Yuexin Wang, Ziyuan Liu, Xuemin Li. Static and dynamic color vision characteristics in patients with high myopia[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2025, 15(06): 340-344.

目的

探讨高度近视眼患者在不同波长条件下的静态精细色觉及动态色觉表现特征。

方法

选取2025年7月至9月于北京大学第三医院眼科门诊就诊的高度近视眼患者34例(68只眼)。其中，男性11例(22只眼)，女性23例(46只眼)；年龄14~67岁，平均年龄30 (25.5, 39.25)岁。于标准光照条件下，测量受试者在红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝及紫7个可见光波段的静态精细色觉最小可辨色差及辨认时间；评估20、40、60、80角速度每秒度数(dps)条件下红、橙、黄、绿、蓝及紫6种颜色刺激下的动态色觉(DCVA)。DCVA经检验符合正态分布以±s表示，年龄、左眼等效球镜屈光度、右眼等效球镜屈光度、精细色觉检测最小可辨色差波长及反应时间等以中位数(四分位距)表示。色觉数据采用重复测量方差分析，检验变量的主效应以及变量之间的交互作用。在重复测量方差分析中，采用Mauchly球形性检验评估球形性假设。当球形性假设成立时，采用一元重复测量方差分析推断；反之，采用多变量分析推断。

结果

紫色、蓝色、青色、绿色、黄色、橙色及红色色差辨认分别为2(0，2)nm、2(0，2)nm、2(0，2)nm、2(2，7)nm、2(1，2)nm、1(1，3)nm及27(20，41)nm，组间比较差异有统计学意义(F＝86.520，P<0.05)；各色波段反应时间分别为14(9.5，19)s、10(6.5，14)s、12(7，15)s、11、(7，20)s、11(7.5，21)s、13(10，20.5)s及31(18，47)s，组间比较差异有统计学意义(F＝17.206，P<0.05)。在20 dps、40 dps、60 dps及80 dps角速度时，红色、橙色、黄色、绿色、蓝色及紫色DCVA分别为(0.40±0.33)最小分辨角对数(logMAR)、(0.49±0.30)logMAR、(0.69±0.26)logMAR、(0.70±0.29)logMAR、(0.36±0.37)logMAR、(0.34±0.39)logMAR、(0.50±0.38)logMAR、(0.63±0.27)logMAR、(0.76±0.29)logMAR、(0.82±0.26)logMAR、(0.39±0.42)、(0.41±0.39)logMAR、(0.48±0.40)logMAR、(0.59±0.35)logMAR、(0.78±0.33)logMAR、(0.88±0.31)logMAR、(0.40±0.33)logMAR、(0.41±0.38)logMAR、(0.39±0.40)logMAR、(0.57±0.31)logMAR、(0.68±0.33)logMAR、(0.86±0.30)logMAR、(0.31±0.41)logMAR及(0.31±0.39)logMAR，组间比较差异有统计学意义(F＝48.728，23.85，29.909，220.31；P<0.05)。重复测量方差分析显示，两组交互效应有统计学意义(F＝2.401，P<0.05)。

结论

静态精细色觉受高度近视影响较弱，而动态色觉能力呈现明显的波长依赖性，高度近视眼患者的动态色觉变化具有视锥细胞依赖的波段及时间特异性。动态色觉检测有助于更全面地评估高度近视眼患者的生活性功能视觉特征。

关键词: 高度近视眼, 色觉, 动态色觉, 视觉通路

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of static fine color discrimination and dynamic color vision in patients with high myopia under different wavelength conditions.

Methods

A total of 34 patients (68 eyes) with high myopia who attended the Ophthalmology Clinic of Peking University Third Hospital between July 2025, and September 2025, were enrolled. Among them, there were 11 males (22 eyes) and 23 females (46 eyes), with ages ranging from 14 to 67 years and a median age of 30 (25.5, 39.25) years. Under standard lighting conditions, participants underwent measure ments of static fine color vision, including the minimum discriminable color difference and recognition time across seven visible light bands (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and violet). Dynamic color visual acuity (DCVA) was assessed under six color stimuli (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) at angular velocities of 20, 40, 60, and 80 degrees per second (dps). Continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution (DCVA) were expressed as ±s. Non-normally distributed continuous variables, including age, spherical equivalent of the left and right eyes, wavelength thresholds for static fine color vision (minimum discriminable color difference), and reaction time, were expressed as medians (interquartile range). Color vision data were analyzed using ANOVA to test the main effects of variables and their interactions. In the repeated measures ANOVA, Mauchly′s test of sphericity was used to assess the sphericity assumption. When the sphericity assumption was met, univariate repeated measures ANOVA results were used for statistical inference; otherwise, multivariate test results were used as the primary basis for statistical inference.

Results

The minimum discriminable color differences for violet, blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange, and red were 2 (0, 2)nm, 2 (0, 2)nm, 2 (0, 2)nm, 2 (2, 7)nm, 2 (1, 2)nm, 1 (1, 3)nm, and 27 (20, 41)nm, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups (F=86.520, P<0.05). The corresponding reaction times for these color bands were 14 (9.5, 19)seconds, 10 (6.5, 14)seconds, 12 (7, 15)seconds, 11 (7, 20)seconds, 11 (7.5, 21)seconds, 13 (10, 20.5)seconds, and 31 (18, 47) seconds, respectively, showing statistically significant differences between groups (F=17.206, P<0.05). At an angular velocity of 20 dps, 40 dps, 60 dps, 80 dps, DCVA for red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet were (0.40±0.33)logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), (0.49±0.30)logMAR, (0.69±0.26)logMAR, (0.70±0.29)logMAR, (0.36±0.37)logMAR, (0.34±0.39)logMAR, (0.50±0.38)logMAR, (0.63±0.27)logMAR, (0.76±0.29)logMAR, (0.82±0.26)logMAR, (0.39±0.42)logMAR, (0.41±0.39)logMAR, (0.48±0.40)logMAR, (0.59±0.35)logMAR, (0.78±0.33)logMAR, (0.88±0.31)logMAR, (0.40±0.33)logMAR, and (0.41±0.38)logMAR, (0.39±0.40)logMAR, (0.57±0.31)logMAR, (0.68±0.33)logMAR, (0.86±0.30)logMAR, (0.31±0.41)logMAR, and (0.31±0.39)logMAR, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups (F=48.728, 23.85, 29.909, 220.31; P<0.05). Repeated measures ANOVA showed the interaction effect was statistically significant (F=2.401, P<0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with high myopia exhibit marked wavelength-dependent differences in static fine color discrimination. DCVA is highly associated with color, showing selective differences across wavelengths. Assessment of dynamic color vision may contribute to a more comprehensive evaluation of functional visual characteristics in high myopia.

Key words: High myopia, Color vision, Dynamic color vision, Visual processing

图2 高度近视眼患者不同角速度动态色觉比较的箱式图

表1 不同颜色组高度近视眼患者不同角速度动态色觉的比较(

±s，最小分辨角对数)

颜色组别	眼数(只眼)	20 dps	40 dps	60 dps	80 dps
红	68	0.40±0.33	0.50±0.38	0.48±0.40	0.39±0.40
橙	68	0.49±0.30	0.63±0.27	0.59±0.35	0.57±0.31
黄	68	0.69±0.26	0.76±0.29	0.78±0.33	0.68±0.33
绿	68	0.70±0.29	0.82±0.26	0.88±0.31	0.86±0.30
蓝	68	0.36±0.37	0.39±0.42	0.40±0.33	0.31±0.41
紫	68	0.34±0.39	0.41±0.39	0.41±0.38	0.31±0.39
F值_{组间、组内、交互}		220.31　 0.987　2.401
P值		<0.05 >0.05 <0.05

表1 不同颜色组高度近视眼患者不同角速度动态色觉的比较(

±s，最小分辨角对数)

颜色组别	眼数(只眼)	20 dps	40 dps	60 dps	80 dps
红	68	0.40±0.33	0.50±0.38	0.48±0.40	0.39±0.40
橙	68	0.49±0.30	0.63±0.27	0.59±0.35	0.57±0.31
黄	68	0.69±0.26	0.76±0.29	0.78±0.33	0.68±0.33
绿	68	0.70±0.29	0.82±0.26	0.88±0.31	0.86±0.30
蓝	68	0.36±0.37	0.39±0.42	0.40±0.33	0.31±0.41
紫	68	0.34±0.39	0.41±0.39	0.41±0.38	0.31±0.39
F值_{组间、组内、交互}		220.31　 0.987　2.401
P值		<0.05 >0.05 <0.05

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Static and dynamic color vision characteristics in patients with high myopia

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Static and dynamic color vision characteristics in patients with high myopia