汇总分析近十年国内眼科领域发明型和实用新型专利的亚领域、申请人及地域分布等特点。

在IncoPat科技创新情报平台(简称"ncoPat"，http：//www.incopat.com)，分别以国际专利分类表中A61B3、A61B5/0496、A61B8/10、A61F9、A61H5/00、A61H35/02及A61P27/02-A61P27/14为检索分类号，以眼科亚领域涉及眼科检查或色觉异常、眼睑或眼表、屈光或斜弱视、白内障、青光眼、眼底病及神经眼科或葡萄膜炎或眼眶病方面的关键词作为检索关键词，检索2010年1月1日至2020年7月22日眼科领域的发明型和实用新型专利。逐项记录近十年眼科领域发明型和实用新型专利各年度的数量、各眼科亚领域的数量及占比、发明型专利数量排名前十位申请人及其发明型和实用新型专利的数量以及中国各区域发明型和实用新型专利的数量等指标。将眼科领域各年度的发明型和实用新型专利的数量，以文字、柱形图及折线图的形式进行描述。将各眼科亚领域发明型和实用新型专利数量占眼科领域的发明型和实用新型专利数量的百分比，以文字和饼图的形式进行描述。将眼科领域申请人按发明数量以降序方式排列，取排名前十位的申请人及其发明型和实用新型专利的数量，采用文字和柱形图的形式进行描述。将发明型和实用新型专利的申请人地域分布采用文字和表格的形式进行描述。

十年间，国内眼科领域的发明型和实用新型专利共有36 540件。其中，发明型专利24 488件(已授权专利7058件)，实用新型专利12 052件。2010年至2014年间，发明型和实用新型专利数量平稳增长；2014年至2019年间，发明型和实用新型专利数量快速增长，特别是2019年较2018年的增长速度尤为明显。排名前三位的亚领域分别为眼科检查或色觉异常占31%、眼睑或眼表占19%及眼底病占15%。从申请人看，发明数量排名前十位的均为企业，其中8家企业为国际企业，2家为国内企业。其中，排名前3位的企业分别为美国的直观外科手术操作公司有346件发明型专利，美国的诺华股份有限公司有255件发明型专利，而日本的佳能株式会社则有237件发明型专利和2件实用新型专利；2家国内企业分别为深圳市精锋医疗科技有限公司有116件发明型专利和14件实用新型专利，成都博恩思医学机器人有限公司则有109件发明型专利和67件实用新型专利。从申请人地域分布来看，首先华东地区申请的数量最多为13 576件，大幅领先于其他地区；其次为华南地区有4321件；再次为华北地区有3697件；西北地区有953件。

需提升专利申请质量；关注眼科热点领域和技术空白点；加强专利保护意识，完善知识产权管理制度；西北地区有待加大投入、提高科研人员的积极性和创新性。

To study the subfield, applicants and geographical distribution of ophthalmic patents in China in recent ten years.

In IncoPat platform hereinafter referred to as "IncoPat" (http: //www.incopat.com), the inventions and utility models data in the ophthalmology field from January 1, 2010 to July 22, 2020 were retrieved by using the international patent classification about IPC A61B3, A61B5/0496, A61B8/10, A61F9, A61H5/00, A61H35/02, A61P27/02 and A61P27/14, and the keywords about ophthalmic examination or color vision abnormality, reyelid or ocular surface, refractive or strabismus, cataract, glaucoma, ocular fundus disease, neuroophthalmology or uveitis or orbital disease. The number of inventions and utility models in each year in the field of ophthalmology of nearly ten years, the number and proportion of inventions and utility models in each sub-field of ophthalmology, the name of the applicant with the inventions number ranked in the top ten, the number of inventions and utility models in each region of China, and other indices were recorded. The number of inventions and utility models in the field of ophthalmology in each year was described in the form of characters, column diagrams and line diagrams. The percentage of the inventions and utility models in the sub-field of ophthalmology to the inventions and utility models in the field of ophthalmology was described in the form of characters and pie charts. The applicants in the ophthalmology field were arranged in a descending manner according to the number of the inventions, and the name of the applicants which were top ten in rank and the number of the inventions and the utility models taken and described in the form of characters and column diagrams. The geographical distribution of the applicant of the inventions and the utility models was described in the form of characters and tables.

In ten years, a total of 36540 domestic ophthalmology field inventions and utility models were provided, 24 488 inventions (7058 granted patents) and 12 052 utility models of which were provided. From 2010 to 2014, the number of inventions and utility models was steadily increased; the number of inventions and utility models was rapidly increased from 2014 to 2019, and particularly, the increase speed in 2019 was more obvious than that 2018. The top three sub-fields were ophthalmic examination or color vision abnormality (31%), eyelid or ocular surface (18%) and ocular Fundus diseases (14%). From the perspective of the applicant, the top ten of the invention quantity ranks were all enterprises, eight enterprises of which were international enterprises, and two enterprises were domestic enterprises. The top three enterprises were intuitional surgical operation in the United States (346 inventions), Nowa Kangsu in the United States (255 inventions), and Canon corporation in Japan (237 inventions, 2 Utilities). The two domestic enterprises were Shenzhen Jingfeng Medical Technology Co., Ltd (116 inventions and 14 utility models) and Chengdu Boenni Medical Robot Co., Ltd (109 inventions and 67 utility models). In terms of the geographical distribution of the applicant, there were largest number of inventions and utility models (13576), and greatly leads other areas in East China.

The quality of the inventions and utility models needs to be improved. The field of ophthalmic hot spots and technical gap may be concerned. The patent protection consciousness needs to be enhanced, and the intellectual property management system needs to be perfected. The investment in the northwest region needs to be increased, and the enthusiasm and innovation of scientific researchers need to be improved.