近视眼是常见的屈光不正，主要发生在青少年时期，也是全球常见的眼病之一，给全球患者带来了沉重的经济负担。近年来，随着高度近视眼的患病率增加，预计未来几年黄斑病变等相关并发症的发病率也会随之增高。减缓低度近视眼向高度近视眼进展的公共卫生策略是预防与病理性近视眼相关严重疾病和并发症发生的重要环节。目前，近视眼的发病机制研究和对应的干预方式众多，但尚未有根治的方法。基于此，预防近视眼发生和延缓近视眼进展成为主要措施。其中，每天户外活动2 h有利于近视眼防控已成共识，这可能涉及到光照的时长、照度、波长、频率、空间频率以及人眼调节等方面。在动物模型上，近视防控的机制研究涉及多种信号通路，临床上则更加关注有效性和安全性。本文中笔者就当前研究较多的红光、蓝光及紫光对近视眼的影响进行综述，为进一步近视防控与健康光照研究提供一些理论参考。

Myopia is a common refractive error, predominantly occurring in adolescence, and represents one of the most prevalent eye diseases worldwide, imposing a substantial economic burden on patients globally. Particularly, the rising prevalence of high myopia is expected to drive a corresponding increase in the incidence of complications such as myopic maculopathy in the coming years. Public health strategies aimed at slowing the progression from low myopia to high myopia are critical for preventing severe conditions and complications associated with pathological myopia. Numerous studies have explored the pathogenesis of myopia, and a variety of corresponding interventions have been proposed; however, a curative treatment remains elusive. As such, preventing myopia onset and slowing its progression have become the primary measures for addressing the myopia epidemic in contemporary society. Among these, the benefit of 2 hours of daily outdoor activity for myopia control is widely recognized, which may involve factors such as light exposure duration, illuminance, wavelength, frequency, spatial frequency, and ocular accommodation.In animal models, mechanistic studies of myopia control have implicated multiple signaling pathways, while clinical research prioritizes efficacy and safety. The effects of red light, blue light, and violet light—currently the most extensively studied light spectra on myopia were summarized, aiming to provide theoretical references for further research on myopia control and healthy lighting.