比较内蒙古自治区包头市各民族13~16岁青少年眼部生物学参数及视力不良率的差异。

选取2019年11月至2021年4月包头市13~16岁中学生1326例(2652只眼)作为研究对象。其中，男性701例(1402只眼)，女性625例(1250只眼)；年龄13~16岁，平均年龄(14.3±1.1)岁。全部受检者共包含汉族、蒙古族、回族、满族及达斡尔族等5个民族。使用智能视力筛查系统检查所有受检者的裸眼视力；使用KR-8900型电脑验光仪进行屈光度检查；使用Lenstar900型眼部光学生物测量仪检查受检者的角膜曲率、前房深度、晶状体厚度及眼轴长度等眼部生物学参数。视力不良的诊断标准为裸眼视力≤0.8，近视眼为等效球镜屈光度<-0.50 D。视力不良、近视眼及远视眼的患病数以例数和百分比表示，组间比较采用χ²检验；角膜曲率、前房深度、晶状体厚度及眼轴长度为计量资料，以±s表示，总体比较采用单因素方差分析，当总体比较有统计学意义时再采取LSD法进一步两两比较。

汉族、蒙古族、回族、满族及达斡尔族中学生的视力不良率分别为64.5%、56.6%、56.3%、58.0%及52.6%。各民族视力不良率比较的差异具有统计学意义(χ²＝9.642，P<0.05)。各民族中学生的远视眼患病率分别为6.8%、6.9%、6.3%、7.1%及7.7%，其差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.160，P>0.05)。各民族中学生近视眼的患病率分别为57.6%、49.7%、50.0%、50.9%及44.9%，其差异有统计学意义(χ²＝9.581，P<0.05)。汉族、蒙古族、回族、满族及达斡尔族中学生的角膜曲率分别为(44.10±1.11)D、(42.49±0.80)D、(42.27±1.38)D、(42.69±0.98)D及(42.88±1.26)D，其差异有统计学意义(F＝4.026，P<0.05)。经LSD法两两比较，汉族与蒙古族、回族、满族及达斡尔族中学生角膜曲率比较的差异有统计学意义(t＝3.194，3.627，2.793，2.435；P<0.05)。各民族中学生的前房深度分别为(3.38±0.19)mm、(3.28±0.13)mm、(3.41±0.18)mm、(3.25±0.13)mm及(3.30±0.12)mm，各民族中学生前房深度比较的差异无统计学意义(F＝2.053，P>0.05)。各民族中学生的晶状体厚度分别为(3.33±0.17)mm、(3.34±0.22)mm、(3.22±0.11)mm、(3.25±0.14)mm及(3.35±0.18)mm，各民族比较的差异均无统计学意义(F＝1.211，P>0.05)。各民族中学生的眼轴长度分别为(25.14±0.72)mm、(23.33±1.17)mm、(25.00±0.96)mm、(24.89±1.28)mm及(23.38±0.74)mm，各民族中学生眼轴长度比较的差异有统计学意义(F＝8.309，P<0.05)。经LSD法两两比较，汉族与蒙古族及达斡尔族中学生眼轴长度比较的差异有统计学意义(t＝4.063，3.934；P<0.05)；汉族与回族及满族中学生眼轴长度比较的差异无统计学意义(t＝0.313，0.579；P>0.05)。

包头市少数民族中学生视力不良的主要原因是近视眼，少数民族中学生的视力不良率低于汉族，角膜曲率和眼轴长度是影响蒙汉族中学生屈光状态的重要因素。

The aim of this study was to compare the differences of visual impairment rate and ocular biological parameters among 13 to 16 years old adolescents of different nationalities in Baotou city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

From November 2019 to April 2021, 1326 middle school students (2652 eyes) aged 13 to 16 years-old with an average age of (14.3±1.1) years-old in Baotou City were selected. Among them, according to ethnic nationality, they were divided into Han nationality, Mongolian nationality, Hui nationality, Manchu nationality and Daur nationality. The visual acuity, anterior segment, eye position, fundus and diopter examination were performed. The keratometry (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and axial length (AL) were measured using Lenstar900 optical biometric instrument. The naked vision below 0.8 was considered as poor vision. The spherical equivalent refraction less than -0.50 D was considered as myopia. The number of poor vision, myopia and farsightedness was described by cases and pertentage and compared using χ² test. K, ACD, LT and AL of students were countable quantity, described by ±s , and compared using one-way ANOVA among groups. When there was a statistical difference among groups using one-way ANOVA, LSD was used for further comparison.

Among of the eligible students, the poor eyesight rate of Han nationality, Mongolian nationality, Hui nationality, Manchu nationality and Daur nationality students were 64.5%, 56.6%, 56.3%, 58.0% and 52.6%, respectively. There was significant different in the poor eyesight rate among all ethnic groups (χ²=9.642, P<0.05). The prevalence of hyperopia was 6.8% for Han nationality, 6.9% for Mongolian nationality, 6.3% for Hui nationality, 7.1% for Manchu nationality and 7.7% for Daur nationality. The difference had not statistical significance in the prevalence of hyperopia among ethnic groups (χ²=0.160, P>0.05). The prevalence of myopia of students was 57.6% for Han nationality, 49.7% for Mongolian nationality, 50.0% for Hui nationality, 50.9% for Manchu nationality and 44.9% for Daur nationality. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of myopia among all ethnic groups (χ²=9.581, P<0.05). K of Han nationality, Mongolian nationality, Hui nationality, Manchu nationality and Daur nationality students was (44.10±1.11)D, (42.49±0.80)D, (42.27±1.38)D, (42.69±0.98)D and (42.88±1.26)D, respectively. The difference had statistical significance in K among all ethnic groups (F=4.026, P<0.05). The difference had statistical significance in K among Han nationality, Mongolian nationality, Hui nationality, Manchu nationality and Daur nationality students after LSD analysis (t=3.194, 3.627, 2.793, 2.435; P<0.05). ACD of Han nationality, Mongolian nationality, Hui nationality, Manchu nationality and Daur nationality students were (3.38±0.19)mm, (3.28±0.13)mm, (3.41±0.18)mm, (3.25±0.13)mm and (3.30±0.12)mm, respectively. The difference had not statistical significance in ACD among all ethnic groups (F=2.053, P>0.05). LT of Han nationality, Mongolian nationality, Hui nationality, Manchu nationality and Daur nationality students were (3.33±0.17)mm, (3.34±0.22)mm, (3.22±0.11)mm, (3.25±0.14)mm and (3.35±0.18)mm, respectively. The difference had not statistical significance in LT among all ethnic groups (F=1.211, P>0.05). AL of Han nationality, Mongolian nationality, Hui nationality, Manchu nationality and Daur nationality students were (25.14±0.72)mm, (23.33±1.17)mm, (25.00±0.96)mm, (24.89±1.28)mm and (23.38±0.74)mm, respectively. There was significant different in AL among all ethnic groups (F=8.309, P<0.05). There were significant different in AL among Han nationality, Mongolian nationality and Daur nationality studnets after LSD analysis (t=4.063, 3.934; P<0.05). The differences had not statistical significance in AL among Han nationality, Hui nationality and Manchu nationality studnets (t=0.313, 0.579; P>0.05).

Myopia is the main cause of poor eyesight among adolescents in Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The rate of poor eyesight of ethnic minorities adolescents is lower than that of Han nationality. AL and K are the main factors affecting refractive status.