The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of static fine color discrimination and dynamic color vision in patients with high myopia under different wavelength conditions.

A total of 34 patients (68 eyes) with high myopia who attended the Ophthalmology Clinic of Peking University Third Hospital between July 2025, and September 2025, were enrolled. Among them, there were 11 males (22 eyes) and 23 females (46 eyes), with ages ranging from 14 to 67 years and a median age of 30 (25.5, 39.25) years. Under standard lighting conditions, participants underwent measure ments of static fine color vision, including the minimum discriminable color difference and recognition time across seven visible light bands (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and violet). Dynamic color visual acuity (DCVA) was assessed under six color stimuli (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) at angular velocities of 20, 40, 60, and 80 degrees per second (dps). Continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution (DCVA) were expressed as ±s. Non-normally distributed continuous variables, including age, spherical equivalent of the left and right eyes, wavelength thresholds for static fine color vision (minimum discriminable color difference), and reaction time, were expressed as medians (interquartile range). Color vision data were analyzed using ANOVA to test the main effects of variables and their interactions. In the repeated measures ANOVA, Mauchly′s test of sphericity was used to assess the sphericity assumption. When the sphericity assumption was met, univariate repeated measures ANOVA results were used for statistical inference; otherwise, multivariate test results were used as the primary basis for statistical inference.

The minimum discriminable color differences for violet, blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange, and red were 2 (0, 2)nm, 2 (0, 2)nm, 2 (0, 2)nm, 2 (2, 7)nm, 2 (1, 2)nm, 1 (1, 3)nm, and 27 (20, 41)nm, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups (F=86.520, P<0.05). The corresponding reaction times for these color bands were 14 (9.5, 19)seconds, 10 (6.5, 14)seconds, 12 (7, 15)seconds, 11 (7, 20)seconds, 11 (7.5, 21)seconds, 13 (10, 20.5)seconds, and 31 (18, 47) seconds, respectively, showing statistically significant differences between groups (F=17.206, P<0.05). At an angular velocity of 20 dps, 40 dps, 60 dps, 80 dps, DCVA for red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet were (0.40±0.33)logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), (0.49±0.30)logMAR, (0.69±0.26)logMAR, (0.70±0.29)logMAR, (0.36±0.37)logMAR, (0.34±0.39)logMAR, (0.50±0.38)logMAR, (0.63±0.27)logMAR, (0.76±0.29)logMAR, (0.82±0.26)logMAR, (0.39±0.42)logMAR, (0.41±0.39)logMAR, (0.48±0.40)logMAR, (0.59±0.35)logMAR, (0.78±0.33)logMAR, (0.88±0.31)logMAR, (0.40±0.33)logMAR, and (0.41±0.38)logMAR, (0.39±0.40)logMAR, (0.57±0.31)logMAR, (0.68±0.33)logMAR, (0.86±0.30)logMAR, (0.31±0.41)logMAR, and (0.31±0.39)logMAR, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups (F=48.728, 23.85, 29.909, 220.31; P<0.05). Repeated measures ANOVA showed the interaction effect was statistically significant (F=2.401, P<0.05).

Patients with high myopia exhibit marked wavelength-dependent differences in static fine color discrimination. DCVA is highly associated with color, showing selective differences across wavelengths. Assessment of dynamic color vision may contribute to a more comprehensive evaluation of functional visual characteristics in high myopia.