The aim of this study is to compare static visual acuity (SVA) and dynamic visual acuity (DVA) in cataract patients following implantation of bifocal or extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lense (IOL).

A total of 45 patients (69 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation at the Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January to December 2024 were enrolled. The cohort comprised 18 males (24 eyes) and 27 females (45 eyes) with a mean age of (62.8±4.6) years (ranging from 55 to 73 years). Patients were divided into two groups based on the IOL type implanted: bifocal IOL, and EDOF IOL, the former patients were received bifocal IOL, and later patients were received EDOF IOL. At 3 months postoperatively, the following parameters were measured: static uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), and near visual acuity (UNVA); dynamic uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDDVA), intermediate dynamic visual acuity (UIDVA), and near dynamic visual acuity (UNDVA) under horizontal motion at speeds of 15, 30, 60, and 90 degrees per second (dps); and kinetic visual acuity (KVA) at speeds of 5, 10, 20, and 30 km/h. Defocus curves were also plotted. SVA, DVA, and KVA were expressed as median (interquartile range). Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation between dynamic and static visual acuity was analyzed using Spearman′s rank correlation.

At 3 months postoperatively, the UIVA in the EDOF IOL group was 0.05 (0.10) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), which was significantly better than the 0.30 (0.08)logMAR in the bifocal IOL group (U=45.0, P<0.05). Conversely, the UNVA in the bifocal IOL group was 0.15 (0.11)logMAR, significantly better than the 0.22 (0.08)logMAR in the EDOF IOL group (U=996.0, P<0.05). Regarding DVA, the UIDVA for the EDOF IOL group at 15, 30, 60, and 90 dps were 0.10 (0.10)logMAR, 0.15 (0.12)logMAR, 0.15 (0.07)logMAR, and 0.30 (0.08)logMAR, respectively. These values were superior to those of the bifocal IOL group, which were 0.30 (0.14)logMAR, 0.30 (0.10)logMAR, 0.40 (0.10)logMAR, and 0.40 (0.12)logMAR, respectively, with the differences being statistically significant (U=24.0, 34.5, 27.0, 120.0; all P>0.05). The UNDVA for the bifocal IOL group at 15, 30, 60, and 90 dps were 0.15 (0.12)logMAR, 0.22 (0.15)logMAR, 0.22 (0.08)logMAR, and 0.30 (0.10)logMAR, respectively. These were superior to the corresponding values in the EDOF IOL group, which were 0.30 (0.08)logMAR, 0.30 (0.06)logMAR, 0.35 (0.10)logMAR, and 0.52 (0.12)logMAR, with the differences being statistically significant (U=961.0, 922.0, 938.5, 985.0; all P>0.05). During testing at far and near distances, a significant correlation was observed between DVA and the corresponding SVA at speeds of 15, 30, and 60 dps in both groups (P < 0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the defocus curve results indicated that at -1.5 D, the visual acuity in the EDOF IOL group was 0.22 (0.18)logMAR, significantly better than the 0.40 (0.15)logMAR in the bifocal IOL group (U=114.5, P<0.05). At -3.0 D, the visual acuity in the bifocal IOL group was 0.15 (0.12)logMAR, which was significantly better than the 0.40 (0.10)logMAR in the EDOF IOL group (U=1135.0, P<0.05).

Both IOL types provided good distance SVA and DVA. Bifocal IOL demonstrated superior near SVA and DVA, whereas EDOF IOL demonstrated superior intermediate SVA and DVA. Comprehensive assessment of both SVA and DVA may aid in optimizing IOL selection for cataract patients.