分析蒙古族与汉族青少年眼轴长度的变化在不同年龄之间和不同性别之间是否存在差异，为蒙汉两族青少年近视眼的防治工作提供个体化的依据。

收集2015年3月至2016年6月，由鄂尔多斯市眼科医院对鄂尔多斯市蒙汉杂居市区内的非少数民族小学、中学及高中学校进行体检的资料。所有学生均行视力检查、裂隙灯显微镜检查及检眼镜检查，筛查出身体及眼部无异常的蒙汉两族学生共1321例(2642只眼)。其中，蒙古族学生309例(618只眼)，汉族学生1012例(2024只眼)，年龄在6～18周岁之间。对筛查出的正视眼学生进行眼轴测量。将蒙汉两族青少年学生按照不同年级分为小学一至三年级组、小学四至六年级组、初中组及高中组。蒙汉两族视力异常检出率的比较采用χ²检验；不同年级组和不同性别的学生眼轴长度比较均采用独立样本t检验；眼轴长度经One－Sample Kolmogrov－Smirnov检验呈正态分布，以均数±标准差(±s)表示。不同年级组间和不同性别的眼轴长度比较采用独立样本t检验；眼轴长度变化与年龄增长的关系采用一元线性回归分析。

蒙汉两族青少年视力异常检出率的结果显示，蒙古族学生视力异常检出率为29.9%，汉族学生视力异常检出率为41.2%，差异有统计学意义(χ²＝18.27，P<0.05)。蒙汉两族学生正视眼眼轴长度的比较结果显示，小学一至三年级组蒙古族与汉族学生的平均眼轴长度分别为(22.16±0.05)mm和(22.08±0.03)mm，差异无统计学意义(t＝1.36，P>0.05)。小学四至六年级组、初中组及高中组蒙古族学生的平均眼轴长度分别为(23.08±0.08)mm、(23.35±0.10)mm及(23.75±0.03)mm；小学四至六年级组、初中组及高中组汉族学生的平均眼轴长度分别为(23.28±0.04)mm、(23.70±0.03)mm及(24.14±0.01)mm；与汉族学生相比，蒙古族学生的眼轴较短，差异有统计学意义(t＝2.51，2.51，2.63；P<0.05)。男女学生正视眼眼轴长度的比较显示，小学一至三年级组女生和男生的平均眼轴长度分别为(22.24±0.05)mm和(22.07±0.02)mm，女生眼轴长于男生，差异有统计学意义(t＝2.47，P<0.05)。小学四至六年级组女生和男生的平均眼轴长度分别为(23.08±0.06)mm和(23.28±0.05)mm，差异无统计学意义(t＝1.46，P>0.05)。初中组女生和男生的平均眼轴长度分别为(23.35±0.11)mm和(23.70±0.02)mm，男生眼轴长于女生，差异有统计学意义(t＝2.52，P<0.05)。高中组女生和男生的平均眼轴长度分别为(23.74±0.04)mm和(24.18±0.03)mm，男生眼轴长于女生，差异有统计学意义(t＝2.58，P<0.05)。对蒙汉两族青少年学生的年龄和眼轴之间进行线性回归分析，结果显示蒙古族青少年学生的年龄对眼轴的影响具有显著性(r＝0.964，P<0.05)；汉族青少年学生的年龄对眼轴的影响也具有显著性(r＝0.962，P<0.05)，且汉族学生的增长量较蒙古族多。

随着年龄的增加，青少年进入三年级(青春期)后，蒙古族学生的眼轴长度低于汉族学生；蒙汉两族青少年的眼轴长度随年龄的增长均呈递增趋势。在青春期正视眼的发育过程中，男性和女性眼轴增长速度无差异。

To analyze the differences of the axial length of Mongolian and Han adolescents in different ages and different gender, and provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of myopia in Mongolian and Chinese two groups.

From March 2015 to June 2016, Ordos Mongolia by Erdos Ophthalmologic Hospital of Han nationality in the urban areas of non minority primary school, middle school and high school physical examination data. All of them underwent visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy, screening out of the body and eyes no abnormalities of Mongolian and Han nationality students in two of 1321 cases (2642 eyes). Among them, there are 309 Mongolian students (618 eyes) and Han Chinese students (2024 eyes), aged from 6 to 18 years old. To measure the axial length of the eyes of the students who were screened. The Mongolian two group of adolescent students according to the different grades are divided into a primary school to the grade one to three, grade four to six, the junior middle school group, and the high school group. Using chi square test to compare the Mongolian two vision abnormal rate; the axial length of the eyes was normal distribution by One-Sample Kolmogrov-Smirnov test and expressed as mean±standard deviation; different grades and different gender groups of axial length were compared using independent samples t-test; the relationship between axial length changes with age growth using a linear regression analysis.

Mongolian two teenagers vision abnormal rate showed that the Mongolian Students′ vision abnormal rate was 29.9%, the Han students′ vision abnormal rate was 41.2%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=18.27, P<0.05). The axial length of the primary school students from grade one to three was higher than that of the Han students, and the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.36, P>0.05). The length of the axial length was between (22.16±22.08)mm respectively. grade four to six, the junior middle school group, and the high school group of Mongolian students axial length were (23.08±0.08)mm, (23.35±0.10)mm and (23.75±0.03)mm; grade four to six, he junior middle school group, and the high school group of the Han were (23.28±0.04)mm, (23.70±0.03)mm and (24.14±0.01)mm. The axis of Mongolian students is shorter than that of Han Students, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.51, 2.51, 2.63; P<0.05). Comparison of male and female students showed emmetropia axial length, axial length to grade one to three of male and female students were (22.24±0.05)mm and (22.07±0.02)mm, girls axial longer than boys, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.47, P<0.05). The axial length of the eyes to grade four to six of male and female students were (23.08±0.06)mm and (23.28±0.05)mm, the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.46, P>0.05). The axial length of girls and boys in the junior middle school group was (23.35±0.11)mm and (23.70±0.02)mm, respectively. The boys′ axial length was longer than that of girls, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.52, P<0.05). The axial length of high school group girls and boys were (23.74±0.04)mm and (24.18±0.03)mm, respectively. The boys′ axial length was longer than that of girls, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.58, P<0.05). Linear regression analysis was conducted between the Mongolian and Chinese two teenagers student′s age and axial, results showed that Mongolian adolescents age axial length had significant (r=0.964, P<0.05); the age of the students in adolescent years also has significant influence on the axis of (r=0.962, P<0.05), and the growth of Chinese students the amount of more than mongolian.

With the increase of age, young people entering the third grade (puberty), axial length of Mongolian students is lower than Han students; the axial length of Mongolian and Han group two adolescents with age were increased. There was no difference in the growth rate of male and female eye axis during the development of adolescent eye.