The aim of this study was to investigate the development of retinal vessel in healthy children.

Cross-sectional study. The clinical data of 50 healthy children and adults (50 eyes) who were examined in Aier Eye Hospital (Chengdu) from January 2019 to July 2019 were collected. The children group recruited 25 children (25 eyes), including 10 males (10 eyes) and 15 females (15 eyes). They were 4 to 11 years-old with an average age (6.68±2.22) years-old. The adults group recruited 25 adults (25 eyes), including 9 males (9 eyes) and 16 females (16 eyes), with an average age (32.45±5.10) years-old ranging from 25 to 40 years-old. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, blood pressure, axial length, peripapillary vessel density (VD) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were collected and described by mean±SD. The independent sample t-test was used for the comparison between two groups; the paired t-test was used for the comparison within the group and the correlation between VD and various factors was evaluated by Person correlation coefficient.

The VD of the four quadrants of superior, inferior, nasal and temporal around the optic disc was (19.48±0.46) mm^-1, (19.78±0.37) mm^-1, (18.70±0.69) mm^-1 and (20.05±0.74) mm^-1 in the children group, and (19.25±0.53) mm^-1, (19.67±0.51) mm^-1, (18.53±0.81) mm^-1 and (19.43±1.37) mm^-1 in the adults. According to paired t test, VD in the inferior was significantly greater than that in the superior in both groups (t=-2.890, - 3.535; P<0.05), while that in the temporal was significantly greater than that in the nasal (t=-3.429, - 7.619; P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in VD in each quadrant between two groups (t=-1.660, - 0.925, - 0.802, - 2.201; P>0.05). RNFL in children of four quadrants of superior, inferior, nasal and temporal around the optic disc was (132.92±14.16) μm, (135.63±14.82) μm, (70.50±12.43) μm and (80.71±13.50) μm; while that in adults was (132.40±19.33) μm, (138.16±16.71) μm, (74.08±13.59) μm and (81.12±11.95) μm, respectively. There was a positive correlation between VD and RNFL in each quadrant of both groups (r=0.403, 0.418; P<0.05).

The development level of the peripapillary vessel in healthy school-age children had the same with adults, and the thickness of the peripapillary vessel had the same the quadrant distribution with RNFL.

The aim of this study was to explore the application and the correlation of atropine eye gel and compound topicamide eye drops in cycloplegic refraction for children.

151 cases (302 eyes) who were admitted to Eye Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 2016 to March 2019 were collected. They were aged 3 to 10 years-old with an average age of (6.0±1.5) years-old, including 68 males (136 eyes) and 83 females (166 eyes). Patients were divided into hyperopia group, myopia group and mixed astigmatism group according to their refractive status. All patients underwent cycloplegic refraction using compound topicamide and atropine, resepctviely. The cycloplegic refraction results of two drugs for children in each group, including diopter of spherical power (DS), diopter of cylindrical power (DC), axial length (AL) and corrected visual acuity (CVA) were analyzed. All indices were not in accordance with the normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnov normal test, which was described by median and quartile. And the rank sum test within group paired samples was performed.

There were 63 cases (126 eyes), 41 cases (82 eyes), 47 cases (94 eyes) in patients of hyperopia, mixed astigmatism group and myopia group, respectively. There was no statistical difference among three groups in gender (χ²=0.171, P>0.05), and age (F=1.399, P>0.05). In hyperopia group, DS, DC, AL and CVA of compound topicamide after cycloplegic refraction were 2.50 (1.00, 5.31) D, 1.00 (0.50, 1.75) D, 90 (85, 100) and 0.10 (0.00, 0.20); the results of atropine′s were 3.50 (2.00, 6.31) D, 1.00 (0.50, 1.75) D, 90 (85, 95), 0.10 (0.00, 0.20), respectively. According to the rank sum test of paired samples, there were statistically significant differences in DS, DC and CVA (Z=9.692, -2.726, -2.483; P<0.05); but non-significant differences in AL (Z=-0.173, P>0.05). In mixed astigmatism group, the results of compound topicamide after cycloplegic refraction were -1.00 (-2.00, -0.75) D, 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) D, 90 (85, 95), 0.10 (0.00, 0.20); the results of atropine′s were -0.50 (-1.25, 0.00) D, 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) D, 90 (85, 95), 0.10 (0.00, 0.20), respectively. According to the rank sum test of paired samples, there were statistically significant differences in DS and CVA (Z=7.778, -2.826; P<0.05); but non-significant differences in DC, AL (Z=-1.098, -0.653; P>0.05). In myopia group, the results of compound topicamide after cycloplegic refraction were -3.05 (0-6.00, -1.25) D, -1.38 (-2.50, -0.50) D, 90 (85, 95), 0.00 (0.00, 0.20); the results of atropine′s were -3.13 (-5.25, -1.00), -1.50 (-2.50, -0.50), 90.00 (85.00, 95.00), 0.10 (0.00, 0.20), respectively. According to the rank sum test of paired samples, there were statistically significant differences in DS and CVA (Z=8.388, -2.744; P<0.05); but non-significant differences in DC and AL (Z=0.511, -1.735; P>0.05). The corresponding functional relationship of 3 groups were y_atropine=1.068+ 0.976x_topicamide, y_atropine=0.775+ 0.999x_topicamide, y_atropine=0.248+ 0.949x_topicamide, respectively. In three groups, the D value of DS for patients younger than 6 years-old and aged 6 years-old or older was 1.00 (0.75, 1.44) D, 0.75 (0.50, 1.00) D, 1.00 (0.50, 1.25) D, 0.50(0.25, 0.75) D, 0.50(0.25, 0.75) D, 0.25 (0.00, 0.50) D, respectively. After the rank sum test of independent samples, there were significant difference within groups (Z=-2.261, -4.160, -2.360; P<0.05).

After using two drugs in each refractive state group, there were greater difference in cycloplegic refraction for younger patients. Atropine was suggested to use for children with hyperopia and mixed astigmatism to perform the cycloplegic refraction. In special cases, mixed astigmatism and myopia children aged 6 years or younger could be modified to the topicamide mydriatic′s result by using the correlation function relationship as atropine′s. For children with myopia over 6 years-old, the compound tropine was suggested to use.

To investigate the effect of over-correction for myopia on the accommodative function of the human eyes.

16 patients (30 eyes) with over-corrected myopia in optometry clinic of Beijing Tongren Eye Center from Jan. 2010 to Jun. 2014 were selected and analyzed retrospectively, including 10 males (19 eyes) and 6 females (11 eyes). The average ages were (23.7±7.2) years-old with a range from 14 to 38 years. All the patients accepted examination of visual acuity, objective refraction, cycloplegic refraction, spectacle lenses test and subjective accommodative amplitude (AA) test, the over-corrected myopic patients were divided into groups according to the reduction in subjective AA test, the objective insufficiency of accommodation, the abnormality of objective accommodative measurement and the increase in HFC of accommodative micro-fluctuations. The distribution of age was described by mean± standard deviate. The number and distribution in different groups were described by the number of eyes and percentage. McNemar paired Chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of patients with over-correction of myopia differences among the group of reduction in subjective AA test, objective insufficiency of accommodation, abnormality of objective accommodative measurement and the group of increase in high frequency component (HFC) of accommodative micro-fluctuations. The Kappa coefficient of agreement was analyzed for the consistency of the group of reduction in subjective AA test, abnormality of objective accommodative measurement and increase in HFC of accommodative micro-fluctuations.

Among the 16 patients (30 eyes) with over-corrected myopia, 8 cases (11 eyes) accounting for 36.7% (11/30) were normal in the subjective AA test, and 11 cases (19 eyes) accounting for 63.3% (19/30) were reduced in the subjective AA test. In the objective accommodative function test, 6 cases (7 eyes) accounting for 23.3% (7/30) were normal, and 13 cases (23 eyes) accounting for 76.7% (23/30) were abnormal, in which 3 cases (3 eyes) accounting for 10.0% (3/30) with single objective accommodative insufficiency, 1 case (2 eyes) accounting for 6.7% (2/30) with single objective accommodative excess, 4 cases (7 eyes) accounting for 23.3% (7/30) with single objective accommodative strain and 1 case (2 eyes) accounting for 6.7% (2/30) with single objective accommodative spasm, 4 cases (7 eyes) accounting for 23.3% (7/30) with objective accommodative insufficiency and accommodative strain and 1 case (2 eyes) accounting for 6.7% (2/30) with objective accommodative insufficiency and accommodative spasm. The sum of all the objective accommodative strain was 7 cases (14 eyes) accounting for 46.7% (14/30). The sum of all the objective accommodative insufficiency was 8 cases (12 eyes) accounting for 40.0% (12/30). The sum of all the increase in HFC of accommodative micro-fluctuations was 8 cases (18 eyes) accounting for 60.0% (18/30). The comparison between the group of subjective AA test and the group of objective insufficiency of accommodation by McNemar paired Chi-square test showed statistically significant difference (χ²=5.143, P<0.05). The comparisons between the group of subjective AA test for abnormality of objective accommodative measurement and increase in HFC of accommodative micro-fluctuations by McNemar paired Chi-square test did not show statistically significant differences, respectively (χ²=2.250, 0.000; P>0.05). After using Kappa analysis, the agreement between the group of subjective AA test and increase in HFC of accommodative micro-fluctuations was weak (κ=0.366, P<0.05). The agreement between the group of subjective AA test and abnormality of objective accommodative measurement was significant (κ=0.689, P<0.05).

This small sample retrospective clinical case series showed that patients of over-corrected myopia had accommodative dysfunction, in which accommodative insufficiency and accommodative strain were the most common types. The objective accommodative analyzer can objectively and quantitatively evaluate the cases of over-corrected myopic asthenopia. According to the significant agreement between the group subjective AA test and objective accommodative function measurement, the subjective AA test might be regard as a practical screening indicator for the following detailed objective accommodative functional measurement in the cases of asthenopia with over-corrected myopia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prediction accuracy of modified Wang-Koch SRK/T formula in high myopia eye with different axial lengths (AL) after cataract surgery.

The study comprised 63 eyes of 59 cataract patients with high myopia in Chengdu AIER EYE Hospital between January 2019 to December 2019. Among of them, there were 30 males (33 eyes), 29 females (30 eyes). They were aged 44 to 73 years-old with the mean age of (59.6±8.8) years-old. IOL Master 700 was used to measure the keratometry, AL, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness. An intraocular lens (IOL) with appropriate residual refractive power was individually selected for each eye, and the postoperative residual refractive powers of the SRK/T, Wang-Koch modified SRK/T and Barrett Universal Ⅱ formulas were obtained. According to ALs, patients were dived into three groups: patients with 27.00≤AL<28.00 mm (group A); 28.00≤AL <30.00 mm (group B); and AL≥30.00 mm (group C). The refractive powers of the patients at 1 month after surgery were measured. Then the difference between the preoperative residual refractive power and postoperative refractive power, which was named the mean refractive error, the absolute value of the difference, which was named the mean absolute refractive error (MAE), were calculated. The prediction accuracy was compared between 3 formulas in different groups. Data distribution for normality of the refractive errors was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The quantitative data of normal distributions were expressed by the mean±standard deviation, and the measurement data were tested by analysis of variance. The quantitative data of non-normal distributions were expressed by the median and percentile, and the measurement data were tested by non-parametric tests. The description of the ratio of eyes within different prediction errors were expressed as the number of eyes and percentages, which were compared by chi-square test. Spearman′s rank and line regression was used to test the correlation between AL and MAE.

The MAE of the SRK/T, Wang-Koch SRK/T formula and Barrett Universal Ⅱ formulas were 0.57(0.32, 0.98) D, 0.32(0.17, 0.61) D and 0.34(0.17, 0.66) D, respectively. The MAE in the modified Wang-Koch SRK/T and Barrett Universal Ⅱ formulas were significantly lower than the SRK/T formula. After the analysis of variance, there was significant difference between them (Z=-3.77, -4.28; P<0.05). For the percentage of eyes within ±0.50 D and ±1.00 D of the prediction error, the modified Wang-Koch SRK/T formula had the highest value, which was 69.8% and 98.4%, respectively. No significant difference was found when compared the MAE between three formulas in group A and group B (Z=-0.28, -0.97; P>0.05). In group C, the MAE was significantly higher in the SRK/T formula than in the modified Wang-Koch SRK/T and Barrett Universal Ⅱ formulas. After the analysis of variance, there was significant difference between them(Z=-3.22, -3.29; P<0.05). When using SRK/T formula, MAE and AL had correlation. After correlation analysis, there was significant difference between them (r=0.521, P<0.05). When using Wang-Koch SRK/T formula and Barrett Universal Ⅱ formulas , MAE and AL had no correlation. After correlation analysis, there was non-significant difference between them (r=0.249, 0.228; P>0.05). The regression equation with one unknown of MAE and AL was Y=-3.606+ 0.146X. After Spearman analysis, there was non-significant difference between them (r=0.249, P>0.05).

Intraocular lens power alculation in eyes with high myopia were accurate in all 3 formulas. In patients with AL of 30.00 mm or more, the modified Wang-Koch SRK/T and Wang-Koch SRK/T and Barrett Universal Ⅱ formulas were better than the SRK/T formula.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative artificial tears on dry eye and the stability of tear film after femtosecond laser flap excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK).

300 high myopia patients (582 eyes) who received FS-LASIK in Beijing Tongren Eye Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University between June 2017 and June 2018 were included as research subjects. Among of them, there were 143 males (279 eyes), and 157 females (303 eyes) whose ages were between 18 to 49 years (mean 31.1±1.2 years). Subjects were divided into two groups according to the random comparison table, 150 patients (290 eyes) per group. Before the operation, artificial tears were used 4 times per day and for 21 days in the study group. No artificial tears were used before the operation in the control group. The score on the tests of dry eye symptom, tear film break-up time (BUT), Schimer I test (SⅠt), corneal fluorescein staining score (FL) before the operation and after operation for 7, 30, 60 and 90 days were examined and recorded. All the data was expressed in the form of mean±standard deviation. Comparison between groups were conducted by applying analysis of variance for two-factor repeated measurements.

The scores of dry eye symptom of the study group and the control group were (12.00±3.16) pts and (12.32±3.15) pts, respectively. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant (t=1.334, P>0.05). The scores of the dry eye symptom of the study group after operation for 7 and 30 days were (14.20±3.20) pts and (14.60±2.65) pts, respectively; those of the control group were (16.28±3.34) pts and (16.44±3.56) pts, respectively. The data for the study group was better those of the control group, there was a statistically significant difference (t= 2.103, 2.167; P<0.05). The dry eye score of the study group after operation for 60 and 90 days were (12.89±2.67) pts and (12.04±2.88) pts, respectively; those of the control group were (13.23±2.45) pts and (12.71±3.22) pts, respectively. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant (t=1.085, 0.601; P>0.05). Before operation, the BUT, FL, and SⅠt results of the study group were (12.47±3.18) s, (0.52±0.24) pts and (14.44±2.15) mm/5 min, respectively; those of the control group were (12.31±3.11) s, (0.51±0.25) pts and (14.43±2.16) mm/5 min, respectively. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant (t=0.446, 1.547, 0.799; P> 0.05). The SⅠt results of the study group after operation for 7 and 30 days were (10.89±3.13) mm/5 min and (10.93±3.02) mm/5 min, respectively; those of the control group were (9.07±3.11) mm/5 min and (8.19±3.25) mm/5 min, respectively. The SⅠt results of the study group was better those of the control group. There was a statistically significant difference (t= 2.028, 2.350; P<0.05). The SⅠt before and after operation for 60 and 90 days of the study group were (14.14±2.34) mm/5 min and (15.10±3.15) mm/5 min, respectively; those of the control group were (14.04±2.67) mm/5 min and (14.76±3.08) mm/5 min, respectively. Comparing to the values before the operation, the differences had no statistical significance (t=1.607, 1.729; P>0.05). The BUT results of the study group after operation for 7, 30, and 60 days were (9.96±3.05) s, (10.07±2.98) s , and (10.15±3.03) s, respectively; those of the control group were (7.36±3.05) s, (7.46±2.59) s, and (7.87±2.65) s, respectively. The data after operation was lower than the values before the operation, and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.187, 2.603, 2.441; P<0.05). The overall value of the study group was better than the values for the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.304, 2.192, 2.177; P<0.05). The FL scores of the study group after operation for 7, 30, and 60 days were (1.07±0.48) pts, (1.04±0.31) pts, and (0.93±0.19) pts, respectively; those of the control group were (2.10±0.18) pts, (1.88±0.44) pts, and (1.84±0.29) pts, respectively. The data value increased after operation, and the difference between before and after operation was statistical significance (t=3.118, 2.974, 3.057; P<0.05). The overall data of the study group was better than those of the control group, there was a statistical significance difference (t=3.119, 2.053, 3.113; P<0.05). There was no statistical significance for the BUT and FL scores before and after operation for 90 days (t=0.975, 1.801; P>0.05).

Dry eye symptoms usually happen to patients with high myopia after receiving FS-LASIK, but it only lasts for a short period, recovering to the level before the operation after 90 days. The application of artificial tears before surgery could reduce the postoperative dry eye symptoms and propel the recovery of the stability of tear film, which is suggested.

The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (ICL) implantation for the correction of high myopia.

A literature search was implemented in CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. Two researchers independently performed literature search, screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction. Postoperative visual acuity, dry eye, safety, efficacy, and postoperative visual quality were analyzed. Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, tear film break-up time, tear meniscus heigh, surgical efficiency and safety, contrast sensitivity and higher-order aberrations were all measured. Mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as statistical analysis variables.The heterogeneity among studies was tested by Q test and I² test. If P<0.05 or I²>50%, the heterogeneity was considered to be greater. Sensitivity analysis was used to eliminate studies with large publication bias differences or studies with high bias risk, and then the stability of the merger results was tested. If the heterogeneity was not significantly reduced after elimination, random effect model was performed; otherwise, fixed effect model was used.

In all databases, 59 literatures were retrieved. After excluding the repetitive 32 literatures, the literatures with in consistent contents or incomplete main outcome indicators and the literatures with data that cannot be extracted, there were 7 studies recruited for meta-analysis, including 439 eyes with SMILE and 422 eyes implanted with ICL. There was significant heterogeneity in postoperative best corrected visual acuity between them (I²=98%) and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (I²=89%). After random effects model analysis, there was no statistically significant difference on postoperative best corrected visual acuity (MD=-0.02, 95%CI: -0.03 to 0.08, P>0.05). The postoperative uncorrected visual acuity as an outcome indicator suggested that the ICL group performed better than the SMILE group (MD=0.04, 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.07, P<0.05). There was non-significant heterogeneity between SMILE and ICL group in postoperative tear meniscus height and breakup time (I²=0) . After fixed effects model analysis, there were no statistically significant differences on the postoperative tear meniscus height and breakup time (MD=-0.00, -0.13, 95%CI: -0.03 to 0.02, -0.53 to 0.27; P>0.05). There was significant heterogeneity in safety and efficiency index between them (I²=92%, 73%). After random effects model analysis, there was no statistically significant difference on outcome indicator of safety and efficiency index(MD=-0.07, -0.03, 95%CI: -0.15 to 0.01, -0.08 to 0.01; P>0.05). For postoperative visual quality, most literatures showed that ICL group had lower high-order aberrations compared to SMILE group. However, it was shown that there were statistical differences in other indicators, such as modulation transfer function cut off (MTF cut off), objective scattering index (OSI), and contrast sensitivity (P<0.05). ICL implantation had a more significant effect on the improvement of contrast sensitivity in patients with high myopia.

ICL implantation shared the same safety and efficacy with SMILE on the correction of high myopia. Postoperative dry eye complications can be improved in a short period of time. ICL implantation has a more ideal effect than SMILE on the correction of uncorrected visual acuity and a more obvious effect on the improvement of visual quality.

To evaluate the effect of surgical procedure joining the lateral rectus and superior rectus muscles in the reoperation of highly myopic strabismus who failed to conventional surgery.

From September 2012 to December 2017, 5 patients (8 eyes), 2 males (4 eyes) and 3 females (4 eyes), aged 52.0-73.0 years, with an average of (61.2±2.4) with high myopia restricted esotropia who had undergone strabismus correction again at Xiamen Ophthalmological Center affiliated to Xiamen University due to ineffective conventional retraction surgery were collected. Year old. Before and after surgery, all patients underwent visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp microscopy, fundus, eye movement, oblique angle, axial length, coronal and horizontal computed tomography (CT) examination. Partial ligation of lateral rectus and superior rectus was performed.

5 cases (8 eyes) were in the inferior oblique position with limited external and upward rotation. CT showed that the superior rectus muscle shifted to the nasal side, the lateral rectus muscle moved downward, and the posterior part of the eyeball herniated to the superior temporal muscle cone. 2 cases (4 eyes) underwent partial ligation of lateral rectus and superior rectus, 1 case (2 eyes) underwent partial ligation of lateral rectus and superior rectus combined with recession suspension of medial rectus, and 2 cases (2 eyes) underwent partial ligation of lateral rectus and superior rectus. At the follow-up of more than 6 months, 4 cases (6 eyes) were in the first eye position after operation, and 1 case (2 eyes) had the first eye position of -15°in the long term. CT showed that the dislocated eye was returned to the conus muscularis, and the function of the external and upward rotation of the eye gradually recovered. No diplopia occurred in all patients. No complications occurred.

Surgical procedure joining the lateral rectus and superior rectus muscles can effectively correct highly myopic strabismus which is ineffective after conventional surgery. It can also restore the dislocated globe back into the muscle cone and improve the function of eye movement.

Macular hole associated retinal detachment (MHRD) is one of the serious complications of pathological myopia, and may cause blindness. Kinds of surgery treatments are performed to reattach the retina, close the macula hole and improve vision, such as scleral buckling, scleral buckling and vitrectomy, intravitreous gas injection, vitrectomy, vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane transplantation, invertion or insertion. In this article, the author intends to explore the characteristics, prognosis and selection of different MHRD procedures.

Discussion on (the corneal flap thickness and cutting depth) for the safety and efficacy of preoperative central corneal thickness and the percentage of more than 40% patients with high myopia after LASIK long-term corneal biomechanics and operation state.

In July 2011 August 2003 to accept LASIK, PTA ≥ 40% and the complete data of 112 cases with high myopia after excimer laser, Eye Hospital of Shanxi province (221 eyes) of clinical data. Among them, there were 54 males (105 eyes), 58 women (116 eyes), 18~35 years old, and the average age (25.6±5.4) years. Preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) were more than -6.00 D. Preoperative and postoperative final review were performed to examine the patients′ naked eye (UCVA), corrected visual acuity (CDVA), spherical degree, astigmatism, SE, central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal topography. The diopter status, stability, safety and effectiveness of postoperative patients were analyzed. Residual matrix bed thickness (RSBT) was also required after operation to calculate the percentage of PTA and the percentage of RSBT before the operation (PSBT). The data of the patients before and after the final reexamination were expressed by mean standard deviation(±s). The visual acuity of the patients before and after the operation was examined by independent sample t-test, and the patients were paired with the t-test before and after the operation of the CCT.

The preoperative UCVA was 0.01 to 0.20, and the average UCVA was 0.08±0.30. The UCVA at the last postoperative reexamination was 0.8±0.2. There was a significant difference between the two groups (t=29.99, P < 0.05). The refraction results at the last review showed that the spherical mirror degree of the patients was (-0.87±0.97) D, the astigmatism was(0.40 ± 0.41) D, the SE was(-0.75±1.03). The difference between the SE and the preoperative SE was statistically significant (t=36.33, P < 0.05). The safety index of the operation was 1.10 and the effective index was 0.90. The PTA of the patients after operation was 40% ~ 55%, and the average PTA was 44%±3%. The PSBT of the patients after operation was 51% ~ 85%, and the average PSBT was 58%±5%. There was no secondary keratoconus in the patient.

In this cohort with the PTA≥40% and PSBT reached 50% and above, long-term stability in patients with high myopia after LASIK, no secondary keratoconus found.

To explore the changes of corneal diameter and ocular axis in different age groups of myopia.

270 cases (497 eyes) of myopia were selected from August 2015 to August 2017 in Foshan ALR ophthalmology hospital. According to the age is divided into three groups, respectively is 7~17 years old group, 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group, 90 cases in each group; the cycloplegic refraction spherical equivalent measurement of the degree of myopia was detected in three patients, according to the degree of myopia re grouping, grouping criteria for low myopia than -3.00 D, were moderate; -3.25~-6.00 D, >-6.00 D for high myopia myopia; The corneal diameter of the patients was measured by Pentacam, and the axial length of the patients was measured by IOL master. The length and diameter of axis(±s)in the form of description, compared with analysis of variance between different age groups, the difference was statistically significant when compared further 22.

Low myopia, three groups of patients with horizontal corneal diameter were (12.01±0.41)mm, (11.70±0.36)mm and (11.62±0.42)mm, among them, there were statistically significant differences between 7~17 years group and 18~28 years group (t=2.64, P<0.05); there was significant difference between 7~17 years group and 29~39 years group (t=3.67, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group (t=1.29, P>0.05). The axial length of the three groups were (24.63±0.61)mm, (24.53±0.80)mm and (24.53±0.93)mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.77, 0.65, -0.05; P>0.05). Moderate myopia, three groups of patients with horizontal corneal diameter were (11.89±0.39)mm, (11.71±0.33)mm and (11.63±0.37)mm, among them, there were statistically significant differences between 7~17 years group and 18~28 years group (t=2.64, P<0.05); there was significant difference between 7~17 years group and 29~39 years group (t=3.67, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group (t=1.29, P>0.05). The axial length of the three groups were (25.12±0.75)mm, (25.17±0.85)mm and (25.23±0.73)mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=-0.33, -0.78, -0.39; P>0.05). Three groups of patients with high myopia, the corneal horizontal diameter were (11.82±0.34)mm, (11.72±0.36)mm and (11.39±0.40)mm, among them, there were statistically significant differences between 7~17 years group and 29~39 years group (t=5.95, P<0.05), there was significant difference between 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group (t=4.55, P<0.05), and 7~17 years old group, 29~39 years group, 18~28 years group, 29~39 years group, but there was no significant difference between 7~17 years group and 18~28 years group (t=1.60, P>0.05). The axial length of the three groups of patients were (25.99±0.74)mm, (26.42±0.84)mm and (26.01±0.85)mm, among them, there were statistically significant differences between 7~17 years group and 18~28 years group (t=-2.84, P<0.05), there was significant difference between 18~28 years group and 29~39 years group (t=2.59, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 7~17 years group and 29~39 years group (t=-0.12, P>0.05).

In patients with eye height, moderate and low myopia, corneal horizontal diameter was negatively correlated with the growth of the age, which is the value of corneal horizontal diameter will decrease with the increase of age; while axial lengt and refractive error was positively related to axial lengt, which will increase with the increase of refractive errors, but in each group, axial lengt the change has nothing to do with age.

High myopia is one of the major irreversible blindness ocular diseases in the world so far. In the process of occurrence and development of high myopia, the posterior sclera of the eyeball may be abnormally thinner or expanded. Scleral degeneration, choroidal atrophy and varying degrees of ocular axis increase, and the excessive degradation of scleral extracellular matrix is the fundamental reason for the continuous development of high myopia. In recent years, with the in-depth research, the domestic and foreign scholars have found that there is a close relationship between the development of biochemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix of the scleral tissue changes and myopia, and collagen as an important component of the extracellular matrix of the scleral tissue, there is a significant positive correlation between the development of its expression and accumulation and histopathologic changes myopia. At present, there is no effective treatment method in clinical medicine. The efficacy of commonly used drugs and surgical treatment is not yet determined, and its toxic and side effects are large, so it is not suitable for wide application and promotion in clinic. In this paper, the research progress on the molecular mechanism of collagen in the extrascleral extracellular matrix of high myopia is reviewed.

To provide scientific basis for seeking an effective and long-term practical value of children′s Health Promotion School model by investigating and analyzing vision and myopia cognition status before and after the intervention.

Taking class as the unit, 564 primary school students in grade three in Liuzhou city were randomly selected as the research object and divided into three groups. A group of parents of students in the intervention group, organize the students in health education and training, health education materials distributed to parents; a group for students, students in health education and training; one was control group, without any intervention. Among them, 283 boys and 281 girls, the age range of 8~9 years old, the average age of 8.6 years old. Field survey was used to measure visual acuity and to investigate the related visual acuity questionnaire. After 6 months of intervention, visual acuity test and vision related knowledge test were performed again. After the intervention, three groups of test results by the mean and standard deviation (±s), before and after the intervention group vision than using rank sum test, compared with the three groups after the intervention of the test results of single factor analysis of variance, the difference was statistically significant when compared with each other, further using LSD-t method.

Before intervention, the visual acuity of the three groups was compared, and there was no significant difference between the three groups by rank sum test (u=1.69, P>0.05), indicating that there was comparability between the two groups. The visual acuity of the intervention group after intervention was statistically significant (u=1.69, P<0.05). After intervention, the percentage of poor eyesight of the three groups changed in different degrees. The percentage of vision >4.8 in the two intervention groups increased before intervention, and the percentage of visual <4.6 decreased before intervention. The percentage of vision >4.8 in control group was decreased before intervention, and the percentage of visual <4.6 was increased before intervention. From the trend of the percentage of visual changes, the visual acuity of the students in the control group was significantly weaker than that of the two intervention groups, that is, the parents intervention group visual acuity > the students intervention group visual acuity > the control group vision. Compared with each other, there were significant differences between the intervention group and the student intervention group (u=-4.41, -3.15; P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the intervention group and the student intervention group (u=-1.48, P>0.05). The intervention of parents of students in intervention group and intervention group students in subjects with cognitive scores, students and parents eye health scores cognition scores were higher than the control group, there were statistically significant differences in cognitive performance for [(t=-3.55, -6.54; P<0.05), eye health score (t=-2.33, -8.03; P<0.05), cognitive performance for parents (t=-3.38, -7.99; P<0.05)]. In cognitive and living habits, there was no significant difference between the intervention group and the student intervention group (t=5.22, 3.96; P>0.05). In the aspect of parents′ cognition, the scores of parents′ group > students′ group > control group′s scores, the difference between parents′ intervention group and students′ intervention group was statistically significant (t=4.94, P<0.05).

Children′s Health Vision Promotion School model is meaningful to control myopia rate and worthy of spreading.