Chemical warfare has always been a potential threat to war or armed conflict. Chemical warfare agents act on the whole body or specific organs, causing irreversible damage and corresponding acute or chronic ocular manifestations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States classifies chemical agents into 10 categories: corrosive agents, nerve agents, asphyxiating agents, corrosives, blood agents, disabling agents, metal agents, riot control agents, toxic alcohol, and biotoxins. Corrosive toxins include mustard gas, Louis gas, and phosgene oxime; asphyxiant toxins include phosgene and chloropicrin. The irritation to the ocular surface could be caused after exposure to erosive toxins, and in severe cases, for corneal opacity, corneal ulcers, and corneal edema; the pupil constriction, blurred vision, and increased tear secretion after exposure to nerve agents; the tearing, conjunctival congestion, blepharospasm, photophobia, conjunctivitis, and periorbital edema after exposure to riot control agents. After exposure to chemical warfare agents, emergency treatment mainly involves leaving the toxic environment, and the main treatment methods include detoxification treatment, local eye drops, and ocular surface reconstruction. The ocular manifestations and treatment strategies of chemical warfare agents was reviewed in this paper.