Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the ocular biological parameters and clinical characteristics of a rare ocular disease nanophthalmos（NNO）.

Methods

A total of 54 patients（100 eyes）with NNO who visited the Ophthalmology Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 2003 to December 2024 were collected.Among them，there were 27 males（51 eyes）and 27 females（49 eyes）with an average age of（39.3±16.5）years（ranging from 1 to 67 years）.The clinical data of NNO patientswere analyzed，includingmedical history，ophthalmic examination results，ocular biological parameters，

Results

The ocular biological parameter measurements of NNO patients showed that AL，BCVA，SE，IOP，TCD，CCT，ACD，LT，FRT，SFCT，and ASTwere（16.22±1.31）mm，（1.11±0.78）logarithm of theminimum angle of resolution（logMAR），（14.1±2.74）D，（25.3±13.3）mmHg（1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa），（10.32±0.79）mm，（561±37）μm，（2.54±0.42）mm，（4.89±0.55）mm，（381±133）μm，（375±85）μm，and（0.74±0.08）mm，respectively.The correlation analysis of biological parameters showed that AL was positively correlated with LT and negatively correlated with SE and FRT，with statistically significant correlations（r＝0.365，－0.474，－0.500；P＜0.05）；ACD was positively correlated with TCD and FRT and negatively correlated with IOP，CCT，and LT，with statistically significant correlations（r＝0.380，0.506，－0.281，－0.315，－0.276；P＜0.05）；AST was positively correlated with FRT and negatively correlated with SFCT，with statistically significant correlations（r＝0.503，－0.557；P＜0.05）.The analysis results of the proportion of NNO complicationswere：high hyperopia was included in 34 cases（61 eyes），with 34 cases（61 eyes）affected，accounting for 100%；amblyopia was included in 52 cases（96 eyes），with 52 cases（93 eyes）affected，accounting for 96.88%；ACG was included in 50 cases（92 eyes），with 35 cases（62 eyes）affected，accounting for 67.39%；UES was included in 50 cases（91 eyes），with 33 cases（59 eyes）affected，accounting for 64.83%.The severity of UES ranged from mild to severe as follows：ciliary body detachmentwas included in 41 cases（73 eyes），with 31 cases（55 eyes）affected，accounting for75.34%；choroidal detachmentwas included in 36 cases（65 eyes），with 16 cases（28 eyes）affected，accounting for 43.08%；exudative retinal detachment was included in 39 cases（70 eyes），with 18 cases（32 eyes）affected，accounting for 45.71%.

Conclusions

NNO presents clinical features such as reduced visual acuity，high hyperopia，short ocular axis，shallow anterior chamber，scleral thickening，and abnormalities in the retina and choroid.NNO often coexists with ACG and UES at a similar rate，with UES primarily characterized by ciliary body detachment.UBM offers a new option formeasuring the thickness of the anterior sclera.There is a correlation between the biological parameters of NNO，and biometry can provide a basis for the diagnosis and follow-up of NNO and its complications.

Key words: Nanophthalmos, Biological characteristics, Clinical feature