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Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (01): 1-5. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2025.01.001

• Editorial •    

Understand the historical evolution and application prospect of keratoconus staging,grading and classification

Gang Yan1, Zixuan Liu1, Lijun Qu1,   

  1. 1. Department of Ophthalmology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150086,China
  • Received:2025-01-03 Online:2025-02-28 Published:2025-04-15
  • Contact: Lijun Qu

Abstract:

Since keratoconus(KC)was first defined in 1854,several scholars have proposed various staging,grading,and classification methods to describe its severity and progression.In 1947,Amsler introduced the first KC grading system.Subsequently,Krumiech developed the Amsler-Krumiech grading system based on Amsler’s work,and Alio et al.further refined and proposed new classifications based on the Amsler-Krumiech framework.Since the 21st century,with advancements in ophthalmic diagnostic technologies,additional systems have emerged,including the keratoconus severity scoring system,optical coherence tomography(OCT)-based structural staging,the Belin ABCD progression display,and biomechanical"E"staging.In recent years,the widespread application of artificial intelligence has spurred novel technologies for characterizing and tracking KC severity,which showing promising potential for clinical applications despite of current clinical limitations.

Key words: Keratoconus, Staging, Grading, Classification, Diagnosis

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