Effect of red-light therapy in myopia control in children

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2023.04.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Myopia is an eye disease with high incidence rate and threatening vision. Although the decrease in vision caused by myopia can be improved through corneal contact lenses, frame glasses, or refractive surgery, changes in the fundus of highly myopic eyes can increase the risk of complications. It is widely believed in the industry that attention should be paid to the prevention and control of the occurrence and development of myopia in children, and it is particularly important to find safe and effective control methods. In recent years, with the recognition of light exposure and the development of myopia in the industry, it has been found that red light therapy can delay the development of myopia caused by axial growth. In this article, the author reviews recent domestic and international research on the correlation between red light and myopia, as well as the mechanism, effectiveness, and safety of red light therapy in the prevention and control of myopia in children.

Key words: Myopia control, Red light therapy, Efficacy, Safety

Heya Na, Dan Zhu. Effect of red-light therapy in myopia control in children[J]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2023, 13(04): 252-256.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhykyxzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2023.04.012

https://zhykyxzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2023/V13/I04/252

Figures/Tables 1

References 55

[1]	刘莉静，颜华. 红光闪烁治疗仪联合红色视力表远距离视功能训练对儿童近视眼性弱视的影响[J]. 国际眼科杂志，2019，19(5)：888－891.
[2]	Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, et al. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2007, 48(8): 3524－3532.
[3]	Jones－Jordan LA, Sinnott LT, Cotter SA, et al. Time outdoors, visual activity, and myopia progression in juvenile－onset myopes[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(11): 7169－7175.
[4]	Fulk GW, Cyert LA, Parker DA. Seasonal variation in myopia progression and ocular elongation[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2002, 79(1): 46－51.
[5]	Read SA, Pieterse EC, Alonso－Caneiro D, et al. Daily morning light therapy is associated with an increase in choroidal thickness in healthy young adults[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 8200.
[6]	Smith EL, Hung LF, Arumugam B, et al. Effects of Long－Wavelength Lighting on Refractive Development in Infant Rhesus Monkeys[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015, 56(11): 6490－6500.
[7]	Seidemann A, Schaeffel F. Effects of longitudinal chromatic aberration on accommodation and emmetropization[J]. Vision Res, 2002, 42(21): 2409－2417.
[8]	Rucker FJ, Wallman J. Chick eyes compensate for chromatic simulations of hyperopic and myopic defocus: evidence that the eye uses longitudinal chromatic aberration to guide eye－growth[J]. Vision Res, 2009, 49(14): 1775－1783.
[9]	Torii H, Kurihara T, Seko Y, et al. Violet Light Exposure Can Be a Preventive Strategy Against Myopia Progression[J]. EBioMedicine, 2017, 15: 210－219.
[10]	Liu R, Qian YF, He JC, et al. Effects of different monochromatic lights on refractive development and eye growth in guinea pigs[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2011, 92(6): 447－453.
[11]	Gawne TJ, Siegwart JT, Ward AH, et al. The wavelength composition and temporal modulation of ambient lighting strongly affect refractive development in young tree shrews[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2017, 155: 75－84.
[12]	Hung LF, Arumugam B, She Z, et al. Narrow－band, long－wavelength lighting promotes hyperopia and retards vision－induced myopia in infant rhesus monkeys[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2018, 176: 147－160.
[13]	Liu R, Hu M, He JC, et al. The effects of monochromatic illumination on early eye development in rhesus monkeys[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 55(3): 1901－1909.
[14]	Dai L, Yang W, Qin X, et al. Serum metabolomics profiling and potential biomarkers of myopia using LC－QTOF/MS[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2019, 186: 107737.
[15]	Mao J, Liu S, Wen D, et al. Basic fibroblast growth factor suppresses retinal neuronal apoptosis in form－deprivation myopia in chicks[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2006, 31(11): 983－987.
[16]	Jówko E, Płaszewski M, Ciešliński M, et al. The effect of low level laser irradiation on oxidative stress, muscle damage and function following neuromuscular electrical stimulation. A double blind, randomised, crossover trial[J]. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2019, 11: 38.
[17]	Ojaghi R, Sohanaki H, Ghasemi T, et al. Role of low－intensity laser therapy on naloxone－precipitated morphine withdrawal signs in mice: is nitric oxide a possible candidate mediator？[J]. Lasers Med Sci, 2014, 29(5): 1655－1659.
[18]	Rubis LM. Chiropractic management of Bell palsy with low level laser and manipulation: a case report[J]. J Chiropr Med, 2013, 12(4): 288－291.
[19]	Chiou GC, Xuan B, Liu Q, et al. Inhibition of interleukin－1－induced uveitis and corneal fibroblast proliferation by interleukin－1 blockers[J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2000, 16(5): 407－418.
[20]	Yamaura M, Yao M, Yaroslavsky I, et al. Low level light effects on inflammatory cytokine production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes[J]. Lasers Surg Med, 2009, 41(4): 282－290.
[21]	Schaeffel F, Feldkaemper M. Animal models in myopia research[J]. Clin Exp Optom, 2015, 98(6): 507－517.
[22]	Smith EL, Hung LF, Arumugam B. Visual regulation of refractive development: insights from animal studies[J]. Eye (Lond), 2014, 28(2): 180－188.
[23]	Marcos S, Burns SA, Moreno－Barriusop E, et al. A new approach to the study of ocular chromatic aberrations[J]. Vision Res, 1999, 39(26): 4309－4323.
[24]	Rucker F. Monochromatic and white light and the regulation of eye growth[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2019, 184: 172－182.
[25]	Rucker FJ, Wallman J. Cone signals for spectacle－lens compensation: differential responses to short and long wavelengths[J]. Vision Res, 2008, 48(19): 1980－1991.
[26]	Gawne TJ, Norton TT. An opponent dual－detector spectral drive model of emmetropization[J]. Vision Res, 2020, 173: 7－20.
[27]	Gawne TJ, Ward AH, Norton TT. Juvenile Tree Shrews Do Not Maintain Emmetropia in Narrow－band Blue Light[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2018, 95(10): 911－920.
[28]	Summers JA. The choroid as a sclera growth regulator[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2013, 114: 120－127.
[29]	Wallman J, Wildsoet C, Xu A, et al. Moving the retina: choroidal modulation of refractive state[J]. Vision Res, 1995, 35(1): 37－50.
[30]	Cohen Y, Peleg E, Belkin M, et al. Ambient illuminance, retinal dopamine release and refractive development in chicks[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2012, 103: 33－40.
[31]	Feldkaemper M, Schaeffel F. An updated view on the role of dopamine in myopia[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2013, 114: 106－119.
[32]	Nickla DL, Damyanova P, Lytle G. Inhibiting the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase has similar effects on the compensatory choroidal and axial responses to myopic defocus in chicks as does the non－specific inhibitor L－NAME[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2009, 88(6): 1092－1099.
[33]	Zhang S, Zhang G, Zhou X, et al. Changes in Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Blood Perfusion in Guinea Pig Myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2019, 60(8): 3074－3083.
[34]	Chhablani J, Barteselli G. Clinical applications of choroidal imaging technologies[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2015, 63(5): 384－390.
[35]	Hirata A, Negi A. Morphological changes of choriocapillaris in experimentally induced chick myopia[J]. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 1998, 236(2): 132－137.
[36]	Junghans BM, Crewther SG, Liang H, et al. A role for choroidal lymphatics during recovery from form deprivation myopia？[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 1999, 76(11): 796－803.
[37]	Li Z, Long W, Hu Y, et al. Features of the Choroidal Structures in Myopic Children Based on Image Binarization of Optical Coherence Tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2020, 61(4): 18.
[38]	吴伟福，玄园园，李素惠，等. 640 nm红光频闪治疗仪联合调节集合训练控制眼轴长度治疗近视眼的研究[J]. 潍坊医学院学报，2015，37(3)：240－241.
[39]	Zhou L, Xing C, Qiang W, et al. Low－intensity, long－wavelength red light slows the progression of myopia in children: an Eastern China－based cohort[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2022, 42(2): 335－344.
[40]	Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Tan X, et al. Effect of Repeated Low－Level Red－Light Therapy for Myopia Control in Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial[J]. Ophthalmology, 2021, 129(5): 509－519.
[41]	Liu G, Li B, Rong H, et al. Axial Length Shortening and Choroid Thickening in Myopic Adults Treated with Repeated Low－Level Red Light[J]. J Clin Med, 2022, 11(24): 7498.
[42]	Xiong F, Mao T, Liao H, et al. Orthokeratology and Low－Intensity Laser Therapy for Slowing the Progression of Myopia in Children[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2021: 8915867.
[43]	Xiong R, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, et al. Longitudinal Changes and Predictive Value of Choroidal Thickness for Myopia Control after Repeated Low－Level Red－Light Therapy[J]. Ophthalmology, 2023, 130(3): 286－296.
[44]	Wang W, Jiang Y, Zhu Z, et al. Clinically Significant Axial Shortening in Myopic Children After Repeated Low－Level Red Light Therapy: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis[J]. Ophthalmol Ther, 2023, 12(2): 999－1011.
[45]	Montés－Micó R, Pastor－Pascual F, Ruiz－Mesa R, et al. Ocular biometry with swept－source optical coherence tomography[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2021, 47(6): 802－814.
[46]	Lau JK, Wan K, Cheung SW, et al. Weekly Changes in Axial Length and Choroidal Thickness in Children During and Following Orthokeratology Treatment With Different Compression Factors[J]. Transl Vis Sci Technol, 2019, 8(4): 9.
[47]	Cooper J, Tkatchenko AV. A Review of Current Concepts of the Etiology and Treatment of Myopia[J]. Eye Contact Lens, 2018, 44(4): 231－247.
[48]	Li FF, Zhang Y, Zhang X, et al. Age Effect on Treatment Responses to 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% Atropine: Low－Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression Study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2021, 128(8): 1180－1187.
[49]	Yam JC, Li FF, Zhang X, et al. Two－Year Clinical Trial of the Low－Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: Phase 2 Report[J]. Ophthalmology, 2020, 127(7): 910－919.
[50]	Li FF, Kam KW, Zhang Y, et al. Differential Effects on Ocular Biometrics by 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% Atropine: Low－Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression Study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2020, 127(12): 1603－1611.
[51]	Gawne TJ, Ward AH, Norton TT. Long－wavelength (red) light produces hyperopia in juvenile and adolescent tree shrews[J]. Vision Res, 2017, 140: 55－65.
[52]	Núñez－Álvarez C, Osborne NN. Enhancement of corneal epithelium cell survival, proliferation and migration by red light: Relevance to corneal wound healing[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2019, 180: 231－241.
[53]	Núñez－Álvarez C, Suárez－Barrio C, Del Olmo Aguado S, et al. Blue light negatively affects the survival of ARPE19 cells through an action on their mitochondria and blunted by red light[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2019, 97(1): e103－e115.
[54]	Tang J, Du Y, Lee CA, et al. Low－intensity far－red light inhibits early lesions that contribute to diabetic retinopathy: in vivo and in vitro[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(5): 3681－3690.
[55]	Tian L, Cao K, Ma DL, et al. Investigation of the Efficacy and Safety of 650 nm Low－Level Red Light for Myopia Control in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial[J]. Ophthalmol Ther, 2022, 11(6): 2259－2270.

第一作者	研究对象	红光波长	红光功率	研究时长	研究发现
Jiang等^[40]	8~13岁	650 nm	0.29 mW	12个月	治疗组眼轴和等效球镜增长减少
Liu等^[41]	9.19岁	635 nm	0.4 mW	9个月	治疗组延缓近视眼发展和眼轴增长
Xiong等^[42]	6~16岁	650 nm	(2±0.5)mW	6个月	治疗组脉络膜厚度增厚
Xiong等^[43]	8~13岁	650 nm	(2±0.5)mW	12个月	在整个治疗过程中都会导致持续性脉络膜增厚
Wang等^[44]	18~35岁	(650±10)nm	1.63 mW	28 d	治疗组脉络膜增厚，眼轴缩短
Montés－Micó等^[45]	3~17岁	(650±10)nm	0.29 mW	12个月	分不同界值眼轴缩短，在年龄较小和基线眼轴较长的儿童中，眼轴缩短程度较大

第一作者	研究对象	红光波长	红光功率	研究时长	研究发现
Jiang等^[40]	8~13岁	650 nm	0.29 mW	12个月	治疗组眼轴和等效球镜增长减少
Liu等^[41]	9.19岁	635 nm	0.4 mW	9个月	治疗组延缓近视眼发展和眼轴增长
Xiong等^[42]	6~16岁	650 nm	(2±0.5)mW	6个月	治疗组脉络膜厚度增厚
Xiong等^[43]	8~13岁	650 nm	(2±0.5)mW	12个月	在整个治疗过程中都会导致持续性脉络膜增厚
Wang等^[44]	18~35岁	(650±10)nm	1.63 mW	28 d	治疗组脉络膜增厚，眼轴缩短
Montés－Micó等^[45]	3~17岁	(650±10)nm	0.29 mW	12个月	分不同界值眼轴缩短，在年龄较小和基线眼轴较长的儿童中，眼轴缩短程度较大

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export