To explore the effective myopia prevention and control strategy after "Anyang Childhood Eye Study" .

The research data of 4981 cases (4981 eyes) of grade 1 and grade 7 students of Anyang city from October to December 2011 were collected. There were 1654 males (1654 eyes) and 1203 females (1203 eyes) in grade 1 students with the average age of (7.1±0.4) years-old (ranged from 5.7 to 9.3 years-old). Among them, there were 1065 males (1065 eyes) and 1059 females (1059 eyes) in grade 7 students with the average age of (12.7±0.5) years-old (ranged from 10.0 to 15.6 years-old). 387 students (387 eyes) in grade 1 and grade 7 students in Anyang city from November to December 2018 were randomly selected. Among them, there were 103 males (103 eyes) and 79 females (79 eyes) in grade 1 students with the average age of (6.8±0.3) years-old (ranged from 6.3 to 7.4 years-old). There were 112 males (112 eyes) and 93 females (93 eyes) in grade 7 students with the average age of (12.7±0.4) years-old (ranged from 10.8 to 14.7 years-old). Refraction were measured by noncycloplegic autorefraction for three times, and spherical equivalent (SE) were calculated. SE was described by ±s, and then the prevalence of refractive error were analyzed. During the period of "Anyang Childhood Eye Study" , the government-hospital-school tripartite model was used to prevent and control children′s myopia. The children′ diopters before and after the "Anyang Childhood Eye Study" model were compared by independent sample t test, and the prevalence of myopia before and after was compared by Chi square test.

In 2011, the average diopters of 2857 in grade 1 students and 2124 in grade 7 students were (-0.50±1.10) D and (-2.28±1.78) D, respectively. In 2018, the average diopters of 182 in grade 1 students and 205 in grade 7 students were (0.12±0.64) D and (- 2.02±2.01) D. There was statistically significant difference in eye diopter before and after the "Anyang Childhood Eye Study" model (t=-12.024, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in diopter in grade 7 students, but the diopter of children′myopia in 2018 was lower than that in 2011. According to the value of their diopter, they were divided into three groups: myopic group, emmetropic group and hyperopic group. In 2011, there were 1256 cases (43.96%) with myopia in grade 1 students; 1300 cases (45.50%) with emmetropia; 301 patients (10.54%) with hyperopia. There were 1860 cases (87.57%) with myopia in grade 7 students; 225 cases (10.59%) with emmetropia; 39 patients (1.84%) with hyperopia. The prevalence of children′myopia in two grades was 62.56%. In 2018, there were 31 cases (17.00%) with myopia in grade 1 students; 97 cases (53.30%) with emmetropia; 54 patients (29.67%) with hyperopia. There were 167 cases (81.46%) with myopia in grade 7 students; 30 cases (14.64%) with emmetropia; 8 cases (3.90%) with hyperopia. The prevalence of myopia in two grades was 51.16%. The prevalence of children′myopia between grade 1 and grade 7 students decreased by 17.90% over the past 7 years when the population composition ratio was considered. Chi square test showed that there was significant difference in the prevalence of children′myopia in grade 1 students, grade 7 students and the combination (χ²=49.725, 5.649, 19.259; P<0.05).

The prevalence of children′ myopia has declined obviously in Anyang city, which suggesting that the "Anyang Childhood Eye Study" model that the myopia prevention and control platform of government-hospital-school, play a key role in the battle fightening against myopia. The myopia control should pay more attention to kindergarten and primary school students.