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中华眼科医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (02) : 106 -110. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2026.02.008

综述

静电纺丝与生物活性基质复合策略在眼表重建中应用的研究进展
马妮娜1, 柯红琴2,(), 刘海2   
  1. 1650000 昆明,云南大学附属医院眼科 2025 级硕士研究生
    2650000 昆明,云南大学附属医院眼科 (云南省第二人民医院、云南省眼科医院)云南省眼部疾病临床医学研究中心 云南省眼病临床医学中心
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-06 出版日期:2026-04-28
  • 通信作者: 柯红琴
  • 基金资助:
    云南省临床中心重点项目(2024YNLCYXZX0343); 兴滇英才名医项目(XDYC-MY-2024); 云南省临床中心重点项目(2024YNLCYXZX0335)

Advances on the application of composite strategies combining electrospinning and bioactive matrices for ocular surface reconstruction

Nina Ma1, Hongqin Ke2,(), Hai Liu2   

  1. 1Master′s degree 2023, Yunnan University Affiliated Hospital, Kunming 650000, China
    2Ophthalmology Department, Yunnan University Affiliated Hospital (Second People′s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Provincial Eye Hospital), Clinical Medical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medical Centre for Ophthalmic Diseases, Kunming 650000, China
  • Received:2026-01-06 Published:2026-04-28
  • Corresponding author: Hongqin Ke
引用本文:

马妮娜, 柯红琴, 刘海. 静电纺丝与生物活性基质复合策略在眼表重建中应用的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(02): 106-110.

Nina Ma, Hongqin Ke, Hai Liu. Advances on the application of composite strategies combining electrospinning and bioactive matrices for ocular surface reconstruction[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2026, 16(02): 106-110.

羊膜移植是目前眼表重建的方式之一,但羊膜的支撑力弱且机械强度低,不能满足临床应用的实际需求,而静电纺丝纳米纤维虽然具有良好的力学性能,但缺乏必要的生物活性,所以结合二者优缺点,构建生物合成复合支架是目前的趋势所需。本文中笔者对其物理共混、表面修饰及层状结构设计三种复合策略及其增效机制进行综述,并从光学透明度、力学稳定性及免疫微环境调控三个层面,阐述该复合材料的协同效应,为眼表重建提供新的技术路径。

Amniotic membrane transplantation is currently one of the methods for ocular surface reconstruction. However, due to deficiency of supporting force and low mechanical strength, amniotic membrane cannot meet the demands of practical clinical applications. Although electrospun nanofibers exhibit good mechanical properties, they lack the necessary biological activity. Therefore, combining the advantages and disadvantages of both to construct a biosynthetic composite scaffold is currently a trend. In this paper, three composite strategies, namely physical blending, surface modification, and layered structure design, as well as their synergistic mechanisms were reviewed in detail. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of this composite material from three aspects were reviewed: optical transparency, mechanical stability, and immune microenvironment regulation, offering a new technological approach for ocular surface reconstruction.

图1 静电纺丝与生物活性基质的核心复合策略示意图
表1 静电纺丝与生物活性基质复合策略在眼表重建中的相关研究汇总
第一作者 复合策略 实验类别 作用机制 实验效果
Majidnia等[24,25] 物理共混 细胞实验 提供物理拓扑结构支撑 有效地促进视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖
Lotfi等[26] 物理共混 多尺度建模与实验 控制弹塑性 促使脂肪源性干细胞分化为角质形成细胞样表型
Gholami等[27] 表面修饰 体内外实验 暴露生物识别信号 提升细胞黏附增殖,诱导多层上皮结构再生
Liu等[31,32] 三明治结构 体内外实验 力学支撑与药物缓释 增强极限拉伸强度,下调促炎因子表达
Azami等[34] 三明治结构+电喷雾   在无外源性诱导培养基的情况下,诱导干细胞向角膜上皮细胞分化 实现生物活性成分的受控释放
Arabpour等[35] 三明治结构   模拟了角膜基质的天然取向排列结构 维持角膜的光学透明度及力学各向异性
Sharma等[40] 物理改性 体外实验 提升材料表面亲水性 降低光散射,透光率提升37%
Thada等[42] 纳米化生物基质   保留活性分子,维持细胞微环境 完整保留基质成分,提高生长因子释放效率,促进角膜细胞增殖
Baradaran-Rafii等[43] 纳米纤维拓扑结构   提供天然微环境物理锚定点 长期维持角膜上皮干细胞表型,防止衰老或转分化
Zhang等[46] 免疫调节材料   模拟细胞外基质孔隙,被动抗炎 抑制脂多糖诱导的炎症级联反应,降低基质纤维化风险
Zajicova等[47] 免疫调节复合体系   间充质干细胞主动免疫调节 下调白细胞介素-2、干扰素-γ及诱导型一氧化氮合酶等促炎因子表达,改善局部愈合微环境
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