神经营养因子对糖尿病视网膜病变神经血管单元损伤保护的研究进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2025.03.009

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是致工作年龄成人视力障碍的主要原因，其发病机制复杂，涉及视网膜神经血管单元(RNVU)的结构破坏和功能障碍。神经营养因子(NTF)作为调控神经元生存、分化及血管稳定的重要分子，近年来在DR的神经血管保护中显示出潜在的治疗价值。本文中笔者就DR中RNVU的主要病理变化，NTF对RNVU损伤的保护作用及机制进行综述，重点阐述NTF对高血糖RNVU损伤保护的研究进展以及潜在的临床应用前景。

关键词: 神经营养因子, 糖尿病视网膜病变, 神经血管单元, 损伤保护, 研究进展

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of visual impairment in working-age adults, with a complex pathogenesis involving structural damage and functional impairment of the retinal neurovascular unit (RNVU). Neurotrophic factor (NTF), as important molecules regulating neuronal survival, differentiation and vascular stability, has shown potential therapeutic value in the neurovascular protection of DR in recent years. The principal pathological alterations of the RNVU associated with DR was delineated, the protective roles and mechanisms of NTFs against RNVU injury, and the advancements in research concerning NTFs in mitigating hyperglycemia-induced RNVU damage alongside their prospective clinical applications were elucidated and emphasized, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further experimental research and clinical treatment in this paper.

Key words: Neurotrophic factor, Diabetic retinopathy, Neurovascular unit, Damage protection, Research Progress

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