糖尿病会引起糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)和糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)。两者均是成人失明和低视力的重要原因。血脂异常与DR及DME密切相关。传统血脂中，胆固醇、甘油三酯、极低密度脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白可能是DR的危险因素，而高密度脂蛋白可能是其保护因素。非传统血脂中，载脂蛋白B、载脂蛋白C、载脂蛋白E、小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及脂蛋白a可能是DR的危险因素，载脂蛋白A可能是其保护因素。血脂平衡和其比值有助于判断DR的发生与发展状态。多不饱和脂肪酸及其比值可能与DR的发病机制有关。他汀类和贝特类降脂药物均能在高糖环境下保护视网膜，并在抑制DR方面发挥潜在作用。本文中笔者对血脂异常与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究进展进行综述。

Diabetes causes diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME), which are important causes of blindness and low vision in adults. The dyslipidemia is closely associated with DR and DME.Traditional blood lipids such as cholesterol, triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein may be risk factors for DR, while high-density lipoprotein may be protective. For non-traditional blood lipids, apolipoprotein B, C, E, small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein a may be risk factors for DR, while apolipoprotein A may be protective. Lipid balance/ratio is more helpful to determine the occurrence and progress of DR. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their ratios may be related to the pathogenesis of DR. Lipid-lowering drugs statins and fibrates both protect the retina in high glucose environment and have a potential role in inhibiting DR.The correlation between blood lipids and DR was reviewed, aiming to provide a new strategy for DR integrated treatment.