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中华眼科医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (06) : 374 -378. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2025.06.010

综述

眼部病原微生物脱氧核糖核酸分子检测技术的研究进展
庞紫檀1, 周杰民2, 栾福晓1, 陶勇1,()   
  1. 1100020 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院眼科
    2101300 北京智德医学检验所有限公司
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-24 出版日期:2025-12-28
  • 通信作者: 陶勇
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学青年科学基金项目(82525020); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82471081); 首都医学科学创新中心优秀青年人才创新项目(CX23YQ03)

Advances in deoxyribonucleic acid molecular detection technologies for ocular pathogenic microorganisms

Zitan Pang1, Jiemin Zhou2, Fuxiao Luan1, Yong Tao1,()   

  1. 1Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
    2Beijing Giantmed Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Beijing 101300, China
  • Received:2025-11-24 Published:2025-12-28
  • Corresponding author: Yong Tao
引用本文:

庞紫檀, 周杰民, 栾福晓, 陶勇. 眼部病原微生物脱氧核糖核酸分子检测技术的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(06): 374-378.

Zitan Pang, Jiemin Zhou, Fuxiao Luan, Yong Tao. Advances in deoxyribonucleic acid molecular detection technologies for ocular pathogenic microorganisms[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2025, 15(06): 374-378.

眼部感染性疾病是导致失明的主要原因,及时且有效地鉴定出病原微生物对于疾病的诊断治疗具有重要意义。传统的病原微生物检查方法存在时间长、假阴性或者不具特异性的缺点。以脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)扩增技术和测序法为代表的分子生物学检测手段,以其敏感性、特异性以及快捷性在眼部病原体检验中取得快速进展。本文中笔者就聚合酶链式反应及其衍生技术、基因芯片技术及宏基因组测序等眼部病原微生物分子检测技术的研究现状与进展进行综述,并探讨其在眼表感染和眼内感染疾病诊疗中的应用价值与挑战。

Infectious diseases of the eye are one of the major causes of blindness. The rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic microorganisms plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, traditional methods for detecting pathogens have some disadvantages such as a long test time, low positive rate (or lack of specificity). As molecular biological detection technology with high sensitivity, especially the deoxyribonucleic acid amplification-based and sequencing-based detection methods have made great breakthroughs in detecting ocular pathogen microorganisms: specificity; speediness. The current state-of-the-art research and development in molecular detection technologies for ophthalmic pathogens was summarized, including polymerase chain reaction and its derivative techniques, gene chips, and metagenomic sequencing, and explored the application value and problems in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular surface infection disease and intraocular infection disease.

表1 眼部病原微生物分子检测技术性能对比
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