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中华眼科医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (05) : 269 -275. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2024.05.003

论著

基于光学相干断层扫描及光学相干断层扫描血管成像观察白内障合并高血压患者超声乳化术后视网膜厚度及血流变化的临床研究
刘思佳1, 叶子2, 李紫微2, 杨青华2, 李方敏2, 李朝辉2,()   
  1. 1.100853 解放军医学院2021级硕士研究生
    2.100853 解放军总医院第三医学中心眼科医学部眼科
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-15 出版日期:2024-10-28
  • 通信作者: 李朝辉
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82101097)

Observation of changes in retinal thickness and blood flow after phacoemulsification surgery for cataract patients with hypertension using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography

Sijia Liu1, Zi Ye2, Ziwei Li2, Qinghua Yang2, Fangmin Li2, Zhaohui Li2,()   

  1. 1.Master's degree 2021,Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School,Beijing 100853,China
    2.Department of Ophthalmology,The Third Medical Center,Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China
  • Received:2024-08-15 Published:2024-10-28
  • Corresponding author: Zhaohui Li
引用本文:

刘思佳, 叶子, 李紫微, 杨青华, 李方敏, 李朝辉. 基于光学相干断层扫描及光学相干断层扫描血管成像观察白内障合并高血压患者超声乳化术后视网膜厚度及血流变化的临床研究[J/OL]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(05): 269-275.

Sijia Liu, Zi Ye, Ziwei Li, Qinghua Yang, Fangmin Li, Zhaohui Li. Observation of changes in retinal thickness and blood flow after phacoemulsification surgery for cataract patients with hypertension using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 14(05): 269-275.

目的

应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)及光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)观察白内障合并高血压患者超声乳化术后视网膜厚度及血流的变化。

方法

收集2023年4月至2024年7月期间于解放军总医院第一医学中心确诊年龄相关性白内障拟行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶体植入术的患者58例(66只眼)。依据是否确诊过高血压或有明确降压药用药史分为高血压组30例(33只眼)和非高血压组28例(33只眼)。应用Cirrus 5000-HD型OCT仪扫描获取黄斑区视网膜厚度图像。采用AngioPlex 3mm×3mm成像模式扫描获取黄斑中心凹全层视网膜厚度(CMT)、浅层毛细血管层(SVP)图像及血管灌注密度(PD)。年龄、眼轴长度、收缩压、眼压(IOP)及最佳矫正视力(BCVA)等定量资料使用Shapiro-Wilk检验分析数据的正态性,服从正态分布的数据以±s表示,不符合正态分布的数据以中位数及四分位数M(Q25,Q75)表示。组内和组间比较采用两因素重复测量方差分析,并使用Bonferonni校正法进行简单效应分析。性别和眼别等定性数据以率表示,采用卡方检验进行比较。

结果

高血压组术后1 d、7 d及30 d的黄斑中心区域PD、黄斑内层区域PD、黄斑完整区域PD、视盘中心区域PD、视盘内层区域PD及视盘完整区域PD分别为0.12±0.06、0.13±0.05、0.16±0.14、0.33±0.05、0.44±0.57、0.35±0.04,0.31±0.05、0.33±0.06、0.33±0.04、0.21±0.10、0.21±0.11、0.22±0.09、0.37±0.04、0.38±0.04、0.38±0.04、0.35±0.04、0.36±0.04及0.36±0.04,差异均无统计学意义(F=2.061,1.072,1.601,0.947,1.559,1.158;P>0.05)。非高血压组术后不同时间点的黄斑中心区域PD、黄斑内层区域PD及黄斑完整区域PD分别为0.10±0.04、0.12±0.05、0.12±0.05、0.33±0.05、0.36±0.04、0.34±0.05、0.30±0.05、0.33±0.04及0.31±0.05,差异均有统计学意义(F=3.084,4.462,3.705;P<0.05)。高血压组患者术后1 d、7 d及30 d的CMT分别为(242.61±19.78)μm、(246.27±22.02)μm及(261.27±24.64)μm;非高血压组患者分别为(233.39±21.93)μm、(235.27±22.90)μm及(244.21±26.27)μm。两组患者CMT术后各时间点组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F组间=5.13,P<0.05);组内比较,差异有统计学意义(F组内=81.251,P<0.05);交互作用的差异有统计学意义(F交互=5.599,P<0.05)。术后30 d,高血压组的CMT较非高血压组大,差异有统计学意义(t=2.721,P<0.05)。高血压组术后1 d、7 d及30 d的BCVA分别为(0.08±0.10)logMAR、(0.05±0.07)logMAR及(0.02±0.05)logMAR;非高血压组患者分别为(0.05±0.05)logMAR、(0.01±0.03)logMAR及(0.02±0.06)logMAR。两组BCVA术后各时间点组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F组间=5.216,P<0.05);组内比较,差异有统计学意义(F组内=10.796,P<0.05);交互作用的差异无统计学意义(F交互=2.953,P>0.05)。术后1 d,高血压组患者的BCVA较非高血压组低,差异有统计学意义(t=2.065,P<0.05);术后7 d,高血压组患者的BCVA较非高血压组低,差异有统计学意义(t=2.804,P<0.05)。高血压组术后1 d、7 d及30 d的IOP分别为(14.77±3.34)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、(13.07±2.71)mmHg及(12.07±2.34)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(F=18.426,P<0.05)。术后7 d和术后30 d的IOP较术后1 d降低,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.619,-5.162;P<0.05);术后30 d的IOP较术后7 d降低,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.979,P<0.05)。

结论

高血压患者在超声乳化术后30 d时,黄斑中心凹厚度与非高血压患者增厚,有增加罹患黄斑囊样水肿的风险。在术后30 d内,高血压患者血流灌注变化不明显,眼压呈稳定的下降趋势。高血压患者在BCVA的恢复进程上略有延迟,但至术后30 d时,其视力恢复状况并未受到显著影响。

Objective

To observe the changes of retinal thickness and blood flow in cataract patients with hypertension after phacoemulsification by optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).

Methods

A total of 58 patients(66 eyes)diagnosed with age-related cataracts and scheduled for phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation at the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from April 2023 to July 2024 were enrolled.Patients were divided into two groups based on a confirmed diagnosis of hypertension or a history of taking antihypertensive medication:the hypertension group(30 patients,33 eyes)and the non-hypertension group(28 patients,33 eyes).The Cirrus 5000-HD OCT(produced by Carl Zeiss Meditec)was used to scan and obtain images of the macular retina thickness.Using the AngioPlex 3mm×3mm imaging mode to scan and obtain central macular thickness(CMT),superficial vascular plexus(SVP),and vascular perfusion density(PD)images of the macula fovea.Age,axial length,systolic blood pressure,intraocular pressure(IOP),and bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA)were analyzed for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test.Data that followed a normal distribution were represented as±s,while data that did not follow a normal distribution were represented as the median and interquartile range[M(Q25,Q75)].Two-factor repeated measures ANOVA was used for intra-group and inter-group analysis,and the Bonferroni correction method was applied for simple effect analysis.Qualitative data such as gender and eye type were expressed as rates and analyzed using the chi-square test.

Results

The PD values of the central area of the macula,inner layer of the macula,intact area of the macula,central area of the optic disc,inner layer of the optic disc,and intact area of the optic disc in the hypertensive group at 1 day,7 days,and 30 days after surgery were 0.12±0.06,0.13±0.05,0.16±0.14,0.33±0.05,0.44±0.57,0.35±0.04,0.31±0.05,0.33±0.06,0.33±0.04,0.21±0.10,0.21±0.11,0.22±0.09,0.37±0.04,0.38±0.04,0.38±0.04,0.35±0.04,0.36±0.04,and 0.36±0.04,respectively.0.04,with no statistically significant differences(F=2.061,1.072,1.601,0.947,1.559,1.158;P>0.05).The PD of the central macular area,inner macular area,and intact macular area at different time points after surgery in the non hypertensive group were 0.10±0.04,0.12±0.05,0.12±0.05,0.33±0.05,0.36±0.04,0.34±0.05,0.30±0.05,0.33±0.04,and 0.31±0.05,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(F=3.084,4.462,3.705;P<0.05).The CMT values at 1 day,7 days,and 30 days postoperatively for the hypertension group were(242.61±19.78)μm,(246.27±22.02)μm,and(261.27±24.64)μm,respectively.For the non-hypertension group,the CMT values at the same time points were(233.39±21.93)μm,(235.27±22.90)μm,and(244.21±26.27)μm,respectively.Comparison of CMT between the two groups at each postoperative time point showed a statistically significant difference(F betweengroups=5.13,P<0.05).Within-group comparisons also showed statistically significant differences(F withingroup=81.251,P<0.05).The interaction effect was also statistically significant(F interaction =5.599,P<0.05).At 30 days postoperatively,the CMT in the hypertension group was significantly larger than that in the non-hypertension group,with a statistically significant difference(t=2.721,P<0.05).The BCVA values at 1 day,7 days,and 30 days postoperatively for the hypertension group were(0.08±0.10)logMAR,(0.05±0.07)logMAR,and(0.02±0.05)logMAR,respectively.For the nonhypertension group,the BCVA values at the same time points were(0.05±0.05)logMAR,(0.01±0.03)logMAR,and(0.02±0.06)logMAR,respectively.The BCVA between the two groups at each postoperative time point had a statistically significant difference(F betweengroups=5.216,P<0.05).Withingroup comparisons also showed statistically significant differences(F withingroup =10.796,P<0.05).However,the interaction effect was not statistically significant(F interaction=2.953,P>0.05).At 1 day postoperatively,the BCVA in the hypertension group was lower than that in the non-hypertension group,with a statistically significant difference(t=2.065,P<0.05).Similarly,at 7 days postoperatively,the BCVA in the hypertension group was lower than that in the non-hypertension group,with a statistically significant difference(t=2.804,P<0.05).The IOP values at 1 day,7 days,and 30 days postoperatively for the hypertension group were(14.77±3.34)mmHg,(13.07±2.71)mmHg,and(12.07±2.34)mmHg,respectively,with statistically significant differences(F=18.426,P<0.05).The IOP at 7 days and 30 days postoperatively was lower compared to 1 day postoperatively,with statistically significant differences(t=-3.619,-5.162;P<0.05).Additionally,the IOPat 30 days postoperatively was lower compared to 7 days,with a statistically significant difference(t=-2.979,P<0.05).

Conclusions

The thickness of the macular fovea is significantly thicker in hypertensive patients than in non-hypertensive patients1 month after phacoemulsification,which may increase the risk of cystoid macular edema.Within one month after surgery,the blood flow perfusion in the macular and optic disc regions did not change significantly in hypertensive patients,and IOP showed a stable downward trend.Although there was a slight delay in the recovery of BCVA in hypertensive patients,their visual acuity recovery was not significantly affected by the end of the first month postoperatively.

表1 高血压组和非高血压组患者术后不同时间点黄斑及视盘血流灌注密度比较(±s)
表2 高血压组和非高血压组患者术后不同时间点黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度和最佳矫正视力比较(±s)
表3 高血压组和非高血压组患者术后不同时间点眼内压比较(±s,mmHg)
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