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中华眼科医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (01) : 48 -51. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2024.01.008

病例报告

带状疱疹病毒感染后大面积眼睑缺损1例
李倩1, 刘秀芬1, 努尔艾力木·依明托胡提1, 郝继龙1, 陆成伟1,()   
  1. 1. 130021 吉林大学第一医院眼科
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-12 出版日期:2024-02-28
  • 通信作者: 陆成伟
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82171023); 吉林省天华公益基金项目(J2022JKJ027)

One case of the large area eyelid defect after herpes zoster virus infection

Qian Li, Xiufen Liu, Yimingtuohuti Nuerailimu   

  • Received:2024-02-12 Published:2024-02-28
引用本文:

李倩, 刘秀芬, 努尔艾力木·依明托胡提, 郝继龙, 陆成伟. 带状疱疹病毒感染后大面积眼睑缺损1例[J]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(01): 48-51.

Qian Li, Xiufen Liu, Yimingtuohuti Nuerailimu. One case of the large area eyelid defect after herpes zoster virus infection[J]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 14(01): 48-51.

患者,男性,64岁。2022年3月因左侧额顶部头皮、上睑出现水疱样皮疹,未过正中线,伴有剧烈疼痛,疼痛的性质为烧灼样、刀割样且撕裂样,症状逐渐加重并伴有眼痛、结膜充血及视力下降,眼睑皮肤逐渐发生坏死脱落,眼睑无法闭合,就诊于外院,诊断为带状疱疹病毒感染、病毒性结角膜炎,给予静脉注射抗病毒、抗生素治疗(具体药品名不详),治疗后头面部皮损逐渐好转,疼痛有所缓解。2个月后,因眼部病情呈渐进性加重趋势,并伴有瞳孔变白,给予睑缘缝合后缝线脱落,遂于2022年5月于吉林大学第一医院眼科就诊。主诉左眼痛、结膜充血伴视力下降2个月余。既往有高血压、心功能不全、脑血栓病史10余年,口齿不清。入院查体,痛苦面容,左侧额面部有不规则皮肤瘢痕形成,色素脱失,病损区痛觉和触觉消失。见图1。左眼视力为光感,左眼眼压12 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),上睑组织全层缺损,残余皮肤瘢痕挛缩,结膜角膜暴露,上睑睑结膜黏连外翻,结膜充血,角膜灰白色混浊,中央偏下方角膜菲薄,可见微穿孔,前房消失,虹膜前粘连,余眼内结构窥不见。经实验室检查,红细胞4.02×109个/L(参考值4.3×109~5.8×109个/L),血红蛋白117 g/L(参考值130~175 g/L),红细胞比容0.369 L/L(参考值0.4~0.5 L/L),红细胞分布宽度14.3%(参考值11%~14%),纤维蛋白原5.08 g/L(参考值1.8~4.0 g/L),尿红细胞计数32.2个/μL(参考值0~23个/μL),血白蛋白37 g/L(参考值40~55 g/L),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇3.69 mmol/L(参考值2.06~3.1 mmol/L)。心电图提示陈旧性前壁心肌梗死。经心脏彩色超声检查,显示心脏射血分数53%,左心房和左心室增大,室壁节段性运动异常,左室收缩功能正常但处于边缘区,左室舒张功能减低,主动脉瓣及二尖瓣环钙化,二尖瓣轻度反流。临床诊断为左眼睑缺损,左眼瘢痕性睑外翻,左眼睑闭合不全,左眼角膜溃疡穿孔,左侧周围性面神经麻痹,带状疱疹病毒感染,心功能不全,陈旧性心肌梗塞。鉴于患者病情较重,眼睑缺损导致结膜及角膜组织暴露,角膜溃疡穿孔面临失明风险,因此恢复眼睑完整并保障眼球完整和视力为主要治疗原则,故笔者相继采用三次手术治疗。于2022年5月择期行第一次手术,术中充分分离瘢痕黏连,解除瘢痕牵拉,见睑板全部缺失,眼睑皮肤缺损至眉下,眼睑后层应用下睑带蒂睑板结膜瓣重建术,眼睑前层应用鼻部Z型皮瓣和面部舌形带蒂肌皮瓣重建术,鼻部皮瓣大小1.5 cm×1 cm,颞侧面部皮瓣大小4.5 cm×2 cm。见图2。术后眼睑呈闭合状态。见图3。9个月余后行第二次手术,即睑板结膜瓣断蒂术。见图4。楔形切除部分睑板瘢痕,重新褥式缝合,充分松解瘢痕组织,可见上睑皮肤缺损约4 cm×2 cm,取右眼上睑游离皮瓣移植到左眼上睑。术后给予复方倍他米松注射液(上海先灵葆雅制药有限公司生产)7 mg,1次/月,行瘢痕内注射,共3次。局部给予小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶(沈阳兴齐股份有限公司生产),3次/d;氯替泼诺混悬滴眼液(博士伦公司生产),3次/d;玻璃酸钠滴眼液(德国URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH生产),点眼,4次/d。于2023年5月行第三次手术,即角膜移植术。见图5和图6。全身麻醉下行左眼穿透性异体角膜移植术,术中见虹膜与角膜后粘连,晶状体灰白色混浊脱位,黏连于角膜白斑后方,因此联合晶状体囊内摘除术,复位虹膜。术后加用他克莫司滴眼液(日本千寿制药株式会社生产)、左氧氟沙星滴眼液(日本参天株式会社生产),点眼,4次/d。术后2个月复诊。见图7和图8。患者左眼最佳矫正视力0.05,左眼眼压18 mmHg,眼睑闭合良好,睑缘充血肥厚,结膜略充血,角膜植片透明,缝线在位,前房正常,瞳孔圆,直径4 mm,对光反射弱,玻璃体及眼底正常。停用氯替泼诺混悬滴眼液(博士伦公司生产),继续应用他克莫司滴眼液、玻璃酸钠滴眼液及小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶点眼,随访至今,患者病情稳定。

图1 带状疱疹病毒感染伴大面积眼睑缺损患者第一次术前外眼彩色照相 可见左侧额面部不规则皮肤瘢痕形成,色素脱失,病损区不过中线,上睑组织全层缺损,残余皮肤瘢痕挛缩,结膜角膜暴露,上睑睑结膜黏连外翻,结膜充血,角膜灰白色混浊  图2 患者第一次手术过程彩色照相 图2A示眼睑缺损范围,即眼睑皮肤缺损至眉下,缺损范围约4.5 cm×2 cm;图2B示术中分离出下睑带蒂睑板筋膜瓣缝合于缺损区睑结膜断端重建眼睑后层;图2C示上面部舌形肌皮瓣切取;图2D示带蒂肌皮瓣移植重建眼睑前层  图3 患者第一次手术术后7 d外眼彩色照相 可见上下睑融合状态,皮瓣愈合良好,无眼表组织暴露  图4 患者第二次手术术前外眼彩色照相 可见上睑皮瓣瘢痕挛缩  图5 患者第三次手术术前外眼彩色照相 图5A示睁眼;图5B示闭眼,可见上睑形态良好,瞬目不受限,闭合良好,下睑无外翻畸形  图6 患者第三次手术术前在裂隙灯显微镜下眼前节照相(×10) 可见角膜白斑,约8 mm×8 mm,表面可见机化,新生血管长入,虹膜前粘连,周边前房深度为1/4角膜厚度  图7 患者第三次手术术后2个月在裂隙灯显微镜下眼前节照相(×10)可见角膜植片透明,缝线在位,前房深度正常,瞳孔4 mm,晶状体缺如  图8 患者第三次手术术后2个月外观彩色照相 可见左眼睑缘肥厚,睑裂大小正常,外观尚可
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