单纯疱疹病毒相关神经营养性角膜炎合并特发性面神经麻痹引起的睑裂闭合不全1例

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2024.01.007

患者，女性，62岁。两个月前因"右眼干涩1个月"于当地医院就诊，诊断为干眼，先后使用玻璃酸钠滴眼液和右旋糖酐70滴眼液治疗(生产厂家及用法不详)，未见明显好转。因对治疗效果不满意，故患者于2021年8月17日于哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院眼科寻求进一步诊治。主诉为右眼磨痛干涩伴少量黏性分泌物3个月。否认有全身系统性疾病史。右眼视力0.1，左眼视力1.0；右眼眼压20 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)，左眼眼压18 mmHg；右眼结膜充血，角膜中央浅层炎症浸润，形态不规则。见图1。睑板腺开口无阻塞，泪河充盈，Schirmer试验结果显示右眼12 mm/5 min，左眼14 mm/5 min。根据患者的症状和体征，临床初步诊断为右眼浅层角膜炎。给予氧氟沙星滴眼液(日本参天株式会社生产)点眼，4次/d；妥布霉素滴眼液(美国爱尔康公司生产)点眼，4次/d；红霉素眼膏(北京双吉制药有限公司生产)睡前涂于结膜囊内。3 d后患者复诊，自觉眼部症状减轻，但仍觉眼干，结膜充血和角膜炎症浸润均略减轻，分泌物基本消失。虽然患者角膜炎症明显，但却并无明显角膜刺激征的眼痛表现，遂行角膜知觉检查，经细长棉丝轻触角膜检查，结果为阴性。经HRT3型共聚焦显微镜(德国海德堡公司生产)检查，可见角膜上皮下神经缺失明显。见图2。经问询，患者承认右眼有反复眼结膜充血病史。经弓形虫、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒及单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus，HSV)血清学检测，结果显示HSV－免疫球蛋白G阳性，HSV－免疫球蛋白M阴性。故临床诊断为单纯庖疹病毒引起的神经营养性角膜炎。给予神经生长因子滴眼液(意大利东沛制药公司生产)点眼，6次/d；小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶(沈阳兴齐股份有限公司生产)，3次/d；氧氟沙星滴眼液点眼，2次/d。因神经生长因子滴眼液价格昂贵，患者拒绝使用。15 d后患者复诊，诉其合眼困难，经裂隙灯显微镜检查，可见右眼角膜中央有一条水平方向线样上皮缺损。见图3A和图3B。但无磨痛感，患者否认有外伤和自伤行为史；左眼球结膜睑裂斑处无明显水肿，而右眼球结膜睑裂斑处充血水肿。见图3C和图3D。见图3C和图3D。患者家属诉患者睡眠时右侧眼睑无法正常闭合。遂在现有治疗基础上，嘱其配戴角膜绷带镜(美国博士伦公司生产)并建议前往神经内科会诊。神经内科诊断为特发性面神经麻痹导致眼睑闭合不全，给予营养神经治疗。1个月后患者复诊，结膜水肿明显好转，但眼睑闭合不全恶化。7 d后患者因眼睑闭合不全造成角膜绷带镜不慎遗失，经裂隙灯显微镜检查，可见少量丝状分泌物附着下方角膜，诊断为丝状角膜炎。见图4。建议给予氧氟沙星滴眼液点眼，3次/d；0.05%环孢素滴眼液点眼，2次/d，重新配戴角膜绷带镜。至2021年10月，角膜丝状物逐渐消失。于2021年11月23日复诊，角膜上皮恢复良好，为防止病情反复，建议患者继续配戴绷带镜。1个月余后绷带镜再次丢失，复发眼部感染，经过抗感染治疗后，因患者有丝状角膜炎发展趋势，故又重新配戴绷带镜。直到2022年2月11日，患者又多次反复感染丝状角膜炎，均因及时治疗而得到有效控制。此后10个月余，经过与神经内科和中医科合作，患者面神经麻痹程度日渐改善，右眼睑瞬目反射功能基本恢复正常，角膜炎症完全消失，角膜恢复透明。见图5。

图1　裂隙灯显微镜下单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎患者首次就诊时右眼眼前节的彩色照相(×10)　可见患者右眼结膜充血，角膜中央浅层炎症，形态不规则　图2　单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎患者右眼浅层角膜炎治疗3 d后共聚焦显微镜下的角膜神经纤维成像(×800)　图2A示角膜上皮下神经丛缺失；图2B示角膜基质内罕见神经纤维　图3　裂隙灯显微镜下单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎患者治疗15 d后右眼眼前节的彩色照相　图3A示角膜水平方向上有一条长约6 mm的线样上皮缺损，经过瞳孔区上方(×10)；图3B示角膜线样上皮缺损累及到上皮层(×16)；图3C示左眼球结膜睑裂斑处无明显水肿；图3D示右眼球结膜睑裂斑处充血水肿　图4　裂隙灯显微镜下单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎患者治疗2个月后右眼眼前节的彩色照相(×16)　患者右眼丝状角膜炎，可见少量丝状物附着于下方角膜　图5　单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎患者治疗16个月后在裂隙灯显微镜下眼前节的彩色照相(×10)　可见患者右眼角膜炎症完全消失，角膜恢复透明

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One case of herpes simplex virus associated neurotrophic keratitis with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis causing eyelid fissure closure imperfecta

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One case of herpes simplex virus associated neurotrophic keratitis with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis causing eyelid fissure closure imperfecta