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中华眼科医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (01) : 30 -34. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2023.01.006

综述

上斜肌颤搐的研究进展
冯张青, 景丽萍, 李俊红()   
  1. 030002 山西省眼科医院斜视与小儿眼科
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-12 出版日期:2023-02-28
  • 通信作者: 李俊红
  • 基金资助:
    山西省卫生健康委员会科研项目(2020040)

Advances on the superior oblique myokymia

Zhangqing Feng, Liping Jing, Junhong Li()   

  1. Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Shanxi Province Eye Hospital, Shanxi 030002, China
  • Received:2021-12-12 Published:2023-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Junhong Li
引用本文:

冯张青, 景丽萍, 李俊红. 上斜肌颤搐的研究进展[J]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(01): 30-34.

Zhangqing Feng, Liping Jing, Junhong Li. Advances on the superior oblique myokymia[J]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2023, 13(01): 30-34.

上斜肌颤搐(SOM)是一种罕见的单眼疾病,临床以高频、低幅及间歇的眼球震颤为特征,表现为振动幻视和垂直复视,但其发病机理尚不明确,不同学者提出不同假说,包括神经压迫假说和创伤后异常再生假说等。目前,国内对SOM研究极少,故笔者就该病的流行病学特点、发病诱因、临床表现、疾病体征、鉴别诊断及治疗方案进行综述,以增加临床眼科医师对该病的认知,减少漏诊与误诊。

Superior oblique myokymia (SOM) is a rare monocular disorder. It is clinically characterised by high-frequency, low-amplitude, intermittent rotational nystagmus, as well as oscillopsia and vertical diplopia, but its exact pathogenesis is still unclear, and various scholars have proposed different hypotheses, including the nerve compression hypothesis and the post-traumatic abnormal regeneration hypothesis. At present, there are few studies on SOM in China. Therefore, the epidemiological features, aetiological factors, clinical manifestations, disease signs and differential diagnosis of the disease, as well as a treatment options were reviewed, which to improve clinical ophthalmologists′ knowledge of the disease and reducing underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis.

表1 上斜肌颤搐临床特征的文献汇总
表2 上斜肌颤搐治疗方法的文献汇总
第一作者 例数(例) 治疗方法 效果 结论
Kattah等[6] 1 卡马西平 振动幻视的发生频率降低,静止期延长 药物治疗为上斜肌颤搐主要的治疗方法,对于药物治疗失败或出现副作用的患者可行手术治疗
Zhang等[8] 2 5%左旋布诺洛尔滴眼液 1例用药后上斜肌颤搐改善,1例用药后上斜肌颤搐症状消失 全身药物和手术治疗上斜肌颤搐前,可考虑局部左旋布洛尔治疗
Brazis等[11] 7 卡马西平、上斜肌断腱联合下斜肌切除术 1例用药后症状持续改善,4例手术治疗后症状均缓解 药物治疗并不是控制上斜肌颤搐的最佳方法,必要时可行眼外肌手术
Williams等[12] 20 卡马西平、巴氯芬、普萘洛尔及苯妥英钠 15例卡马西平症状缓解,7例巴氯芬无效,3例萘洛尔症状缓解,1例苯妥英钠症状明显改善 药物治疗对上斜肌颤搐有一定疗效
Borgman[15] 1 0.5%噻吗洛尔滴眼液 用药后上斜肌颤搐症状消失 局部噻吗洛尔可能是上斜肌颤搐潜在的有效治疗方法
Sathyan等[17] 1 0.5%噻吗洛尔滴眼液 用药后上斜肌颤搐症状消失 局部噻吗洛尔可以有效治疗上斜肌颤搐
Hashimoto[24] 1 微血管减压术(压迫动脉和滑车神经之间放置一个聚四氟乙烯垫) 术后上斜肌颤搐症状消失,1年随访无复发 影像学确定了滑车神经的血管受压的上斜肌颤搐患者,可以考虑进行微血管减压术
Agarwal等[46] 14 上斜肌断腱术联合下斜肌切除术 所有患者术后振动幻视消失,2例术后原在位复视,5例向下注视时患眼上斜视伴复视 上斜肌断腱术联合下斜肌切除术可有效消除上斜肌颤搐振动幻视,但约36%的患者会导致下转位复视
Kosmorsky等[47] 1 反Harada-Ito手术 术后上斜肌颤搐症状消失,且眼球运动到位,随访1年无复发 反Harada-Ito手术可以有效地治疗上斜肌颤搐
图1 反Harada-Ito手术示意图
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