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中华眼科医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (02) : 114 -118. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2025.02.009

综述

玻璃体视网膜交界面特点及其相关疾病的研究进展
兰心月1, 张正威1,   
  1. 1. 214002 江南大学附属中心医院眼科 无锡市第二人民医院眼科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2025-04-28
  • 通信作者: 张正威
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科技厅社会发展面上研发项目(BE2022699)无锡市卫生健康委中青年拔尖人才资助计划(BJ2023037)

Research progress in the characteristics of vitreoretinal interface and its related diseases

Xinyue Lan1, Zhengwei Zhang1,   

  1. 1. Department of Ophthalmology,Jiangnan University Medical Center,Wuxi No.2 People′s Hospital,Wuxi 214002,China
  • Received:2025-02-28 Published:2025-04-28
  • Corresponding author: Zhengwei Zhang
引用本文:

兰心月, 张正威. 玻璃体视网膜交界面特点及其相关疾病的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(02): 114-118.

Xinyue Lan, Zhengwei Zhang. Research progress in the characteristics of vitreoretinal interface and its related diseases[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2025, 15(02): 114-118.

扫频源光学相干断层扫描(SS-OCT)因其扫描速度快和分辨率高,能显著提升玻璃体视网膜交界面(VRI)成像的广度和深度,进而促进VRI相关疾病的认识、诊断及治疗。SS-OCT能够全面地成像和评估后皮质前玻璃体囊袋(PPVP)、玻璃体后脱离(PVD)以及因不完全性PVD而黏附在视网膜表面的玻璃体皮质残余物(VCR)。PPVP作为玻璃体液化的早期标志,其形态变化与PVD的动态进展密切相关。PVD不同分期或状态能够显著影响年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)、黄斑水肿、黄斑裂孔、黄斑前膜及高度近视眼等黄斑区疾病的发生、发展、治疗及愈后。VCR是影响孔源性视网膜脱离(rRD)治疗效果的重要因素。本文中笔者通过分析VRI解剖特点与病理学机制对其相关疾病的最新进展进行综述。

Swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),with its rapid scanning speed and high resolution,has significantly enhanced both the breadth and depth of vitreoretinal interface(VRI)imaging,substantially advancing our understanding,diagnosis,and treatment of VRI-related disorders.SSOCT enables comprehensive imaging and assessment of the posterior precortical vitreous pocket(PPVP),posterior vitreous detachment(PVD),and vitreous cortex remnant(VCR)that remain adherent to the retinal surface due to incomplete PVD.The PPVP,serving as an early indicator of vitreous liquefaction,exhibits morphological changes that are intimately associated with the dynamic progression of PVD.Different stages or states of PVD significantly influence the development,treatment,and prognosis of macular diseases,including age-related macular degeneration(AMD),macular edema,macular hole,epiretinal membrane,and high myopia.Notably,VCR represent a crucial factor affecting the therapeutic outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(rRD).The recent advances in VRI-related diseases through an analysis of anatomical characteristics and pathological mechanisms were reviewed comprehensively.

图1 扫频源光学相干断层扫描检查健康人群2期玻璃体后脱离的成像 可见部分玻璃体仍与黄斑中心凹处的视网膜相连
图2 扫频源光学相干断层扫描检查健康人群玻璃体后皮质空腔的成像 可见玻璃体的后皮质前玻璃体囊袋呈船型
图3 扫频源光学相干断层扫描检查健康儿童中心凹成像 可见中心凹外玻璃体视网膜交界面反射点(黄色箭头)
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