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中华眼科医学杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (06) : 335 -340. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2024.06.003

论著

硬核白内障超声乳化手术损伤角膜内皮细胞危险因素的临床研究
赵黎明1, 汪毅仁2, 李学民3,()   
  1. 1.100071 北京丰台医院眼科
    2.100191 北京大学第三医院2017级八年制研究生
    3.100191 北京大学第三医院眼科中心眼部神经损伤的重建保护与康复北京市重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-07 出版日期:2024-12-28
  • 通信作者: 李学民
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金项目(7202229)

The risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury in phacoemulsification of hardnucleuscataract

Liming Zhao1, Yiren Wang2, Xuemin Li3,()   

  1. 1.DepartmentofOphthalmology,Beijing FengtaiHospital,Beijing 100071,China
    2.Master's degree2017,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing University Health Science Center,Beijing 100191,China
    3.Department of Ophthalmology,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reconstruction,Protection and Rehabilitation of Eye Nerve Injury,Beijing 100191,China
  • Received:2024-12-07 Published:2024-12-28
  • Corresponding author: Xuemin Li
引用本文:

赵黎明, 汪毅仁, 李学民. 硬核白内障超声乳化手术损伤角膜内皮细胞危险因素的临床研究[J/OL]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(06): 335-340.

Liming Zhao, Yiren Wang, Xuemin Li. The risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury in phacoemulsification of hardnucleuscataract[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 14(06): 335-340.

目的

探讨硬核白内障超声乳化手术损伤角膜内皮细胞的危险因素。

方法

收集2022年1月至2024年12月于北京丰台医院眼科接受超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的硬核白内障患者100例(100只眼)。其中,男性53例(53只眼),女性47例(47只眼)。患者年龄在49~86岁之间,平均年龄(70.0±9.3)岁。将术后1个月角膜内皮细胞计数较术前减少>20%者定为观察组,≤20%者定为对照组。全部患者检测术前及术后1个月的角膜内皮细胞计数;检查并记录术眼晶状体核硬度、前房深度、有效超声乳化时间及灌注时间。患者术前及术后1个月的角膜内皮细胞计数符合正态分布,以±s表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。汇总全部患者在年龄(<70岁,≥70岁)、性别(男,女)、糖尿病(有,无)、前房深度(<2.9 mm,≥2.9 mm)、有效超声乳化时间(<10 s,≥10 s)、灌注时间(<180 s、≥180 s)各分类的数量,以例数和百分比进行描述,组间比较采用卡方检验。以是否发生角膜内皮细胞计数减少20%为因变量,以患者年龄、性别、糖尿病、前房深度、有效超声乳化时间及灌注时间为自变量采用多因素Logistics回归筛选角膜内皮细胞计数的危险因素;进行相关性分析计算spearman相关系数r值。

结果

术前,观察组和对照组患者角膜内皮细胞计数分别为(2541.33±509.35)个/mm2和(2577.60±428.72)个/mm2,其差异无统计学意义(t=0.38,P>0.05);术后1个月,观察组和对照组患者角膜内皮细胞计数分别为(1880.40±426.85)个/mm2 和(2157.78±393.27)个/mm2,其差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.26,P<0.05)。观察组和对照组的年龄(<70岁,≥70岁)、前房深度(<2.9 mm,≥2.9 mm)、有效超声乳化时间(<10 s,≥10 s)及灌注时间(<180 s,≥180 s)分别有(21例,42例)和(20例,17例)、(39例,24例)和(8例,29例)、(34例,29例)和(30例,7例)及(34例,29例)和(31例,6例),分别占(33.33%,66.67%)和(54.05%,45.95%)、(61.90%,38.10%)和(21.62%,78.38%)、(53.97%,46.03%)和(81.08%,18.92%)及(53.97%,46.03%)和(83.78%,16.22%)。两组比较的差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.14,15.19,7.44,9.11;P<0.05)。观察组和对照组的性别(男,女)、糖尿病(有,无)分别有(33例,30例)和(20例,17例)、(27例,36例)和(13例,24例),分别占(52.38%,47.62%)和(54.05%,45.95%)、(42.86%,57.14%)和(35.14%,64.86%)。两组比较的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.03,0.58;P>0.05)。年龄、性别、糖尿病及灌注时间对硬核白内障患者超声乳化术后角膜内皮细胞损伤的影响不具有统计学意义(χ2=1.46,0.27,0.35,1.21;P>0.05)。前房深度是硬核白内障患者超声乳化术后角膜内皮细胞损伤的保护性因素(OR=0.07,95% CI:0.01~0.29)。有效超声乳化时间是硬核白内障患者超声乳化术后角膜内皮细胞损伤的危险性因素(OR=1.23,95% CI:1.01~1.54),其影响具有统计学意义(χ2=-3.46,2.00;P<0.05)。观察组和对照组年龄、前房深度、有效超声乳化时间与术后1个月角膜内皮细胞减少的相关性均无统计学意义(r=0.01,0.15,0.14;P>0.05)和(r=0.27,0.22,0.02;P>0.05)。

结论

年龄、有效超声乳化时间、灌注时间均为白内障超声乳化手术术后角膜内皮损伤的危险因素。其中,前房深度与有效超声乳化时间为最重要的危险因素,前房深度<2.9 mm,硬核白内障患者,术中更应注意保护角膜内皮细胞,尽量缩短有效超声乳化时间。

Objective

To investigate the risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury in phacoemulsification of hard nucleus cataract.

Methods

From January 2022 to December 2024,100 patients(100 eyes)with hard nuclear cataract underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Fengtai Hospital were collected.There were 53 males(53 eyes)and 47 females(47 eyes)with an average age of(70.0±9.3)years(ranging from 49 to 86 years).The patients whose corneal endothelial cell count decreased more than 20% one month after operation were selected as the observation group,and those whose corneal endothelial cell count decreased less than 20% were selected as the control group.Corneal endothelial cell counts were measured before and 1 month after surgery in all patients.The intraocular lens nucleus hardness,anterior chamber depth,effective phacoemulsification time and perfusion time were examined and recorded.The corneal endothelial cell count of patients before and 1 month after surgery conformed to normal distribution,which was expressed as±s and compared by independent sample t test for between groups.The number of eyes in each category of age(<70 years old,≥70 years old),gender(male,female),diabetes mellitus(yes,no),anterior chamber depth(<2.9 mm,≥2.9 mm),effective phacoemulsification time(<10 s,≥10 s),perfusion time(<180 s,≥180 s)of all patients were summarized and described by the number of eyes and percentage.Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.Multivariate logistic regression was used to screen the risk factors of corneal endothelial cell count with age,gender,diabetes mellitus,anterior chamber depth,effective phacoemulsification time and perfusion time as independent variables.The Spearman correlation coefficient r was calculated by correlation analysis.

Results

Before surgery,the corneal endothelial cell count in the observation group and the control group were(2541.33±509.35)cells/mm2 and(2577.60±428.72)cells/mm2,respectively,with no significant difference(t=0.38,P>0.05).One month after operation,the corneal endothelial cell count in the observation group and the control group were(1880.40±426.85)cells/mm2 and(2157.78±393.27)cells/mm2,respectively,with significant difference(t=-3.26,P<0.05).The age(<70 years old,≥70 years old),anterior chamber depth(<2.9 mm,≥2.9 mm),effective phacoemulsification time(<10 s,≥10 s)and perfusion time(<180 s,≥180 s)of the observation group and the control group were(21 cases,42 cases)and(20 cases,17 cases),(39 cases,24 cases)and(8 cases,29 cases),(34 cases,29 cases)and(30 cases,7 cases)and(34 cases,29 cases)and(31 cases,6 cases),respectively,accounting for(33.33%,66.67%)and(54.05%,45.95%)and(61.90%,29 cases),respectively.38.10%)and(21.62%,78.38%),(53.97%,46.03%)and(81.08%,18.92%)and(53.97%,46.03%)and(83.78%,16.22%).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=4.14,15.19,7.44,9.11;P<0.05).The gender(male,female),diabetes mellitus(yes,no)of the observation group and the control group were(33 cases,30 cases)and(20 cases,17 cases),(27 cases,36 cases)and(13 cases,24 cases),respectively,accounting for(52.38%,47.62%)and(54.05%,45.95%),(42.86%,57.14%)and(35.14%,64.86%).There was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2=0.03,0.58;P>0.05).The effects of age,gender,diabetes mellitus and perfusion time on corneal endothelial cell injury in patients with hard nucleus cataract after phacoemulsification were not statistically significant(χ2=1.46,0.27,0.35,1.21;P>0.05).The depth of the anterior chamber was a protective factor for corneal endothelial cell damage in patients with hard nuclear cataracts after phacoemulsification(OR=0.07,95%CI:0.01 to0.29).The effective phacoemulsification time was a risk factor for corneal endothelial cell injury in patients with hard nuclear cataract after phacoemulsification surgery(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.01 to 1.54),and its impact is statistically significant(χ2=-3.46,2.00;P<0.05).There was no linear correlation between age,anterior chamber depth,effective phacoemulsification time,and corneal endothelial cell reduction at one month after surgery in the observation group(r=0.01,0.15,0.14;P>0.05).There was no linear correlation between age,anterior chamber depth,effective phacoemulsification time,and corneal endothelial cell reduction at one month after surgery in the control group(r=0.27,0.22,0.02;P>0.05).

Conclusions

Age,anterior chamber depth,effective phacoemulsification time and perfusion time are all risk factors for corneal endothelial damage after phacoemulsification surgery.Among them,anterior chamber depth and effective phacoemulsification time are the most important risk factors.If the anterior chamber depth is less than 2.9 mm,patients with hard nuclear cataracts should pay more attention to protecting corneal endothelial cells during surgery and try to shorten the effective phacoemulsification time.

表1 两组术前及术后1个月角膜内皮细胞计数的比较
表2 影响硬核白内障超声乳化术后患者角膜内皮细胞损伤的单因素分析[例(%)]
表3 影响硬核白内障患者超声乳化术后角膜内皮细胞损伤的多因素分析
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